Body mass index changes among children and adolescents in Suzhou before and after COVID-19 outbreak
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摘要:
目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情前后苏州市儿童青少年体质量指数(BMI)的变化，为促进儿童青少年体质健康提供参考。 方法 2020年6—7月采用分层整群抽样方法，对苏州市2019年完整BMI监测数据的569名儿童青少年进行问卷调查，测量身高、体重，计算BMI及BMI-Z评分。 结果 疫情后儿童青少年超重肥胖检出率(32.0%)与疫情前(31.6%)差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.07，P＞0.05)，不同性别、学段分组显示了类似结果。BMI-Z评分疫情前(0.37±1.28)与疫情后(0.38±1.27)差异无统计学意义(t=-0.28，P＞0.05)，按性别进行分组，疫情前后BMI-Z评分差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)；按学段分组，小学组疫情后BMI-Z评分(0.45±1.32)较疫情前(0.37±1.35)上升(t=2.57，P=0.01)，中学组疫情后BMI-Z评分(0.27±1.17)较疫情前(0.39±1.18)下降(t=-4.29，P < 0.01)。疫情前与疫情后吃甜食、户外活动的构成差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)，含糖饮料、油炸食品的食用行为构成差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)，睡眠时间有所提高[(8.52±1.83)(8.05±1.70)]h(t=4.96，P＜0.05)。 结论 新冠肺炎疫情前后，苏州地区儿童青少年BMI水平、超重肥胖率并没有发生明显改变，不同学段稍有差异。仍需针对性加强儿童青少年超重肥胖的干预工作。 Abstract:Objective To explore body mass index (BMI) changes among children and adolescents in Suzhou before and after COVID-19 outbreak, and to provide a reference for improving physical health of children and adolescents. Methods A total of 569 children and adolescents who had complete BMI information in 2019 were enrolled through stratified cluster sampling from June to July, 2020. Questionnaire survey was conducted, and height and weight were measured to calculate BMI and BMI-Z scores. Results After the epidemic, overweight/obesity rate were 32.0%, compared to 31.6% before the epidemic(χ2=0.07, P>0.05). Difference of BMI-Z scores before (0.37±1.28) and after (0.38±1.27) the epidemic did not show statistically significant (t=-0.28, P>0.05), No significant changes in BMI-Z score were found before and affer COVID-19 outbreak similar results were observed (P>0.05), BMI-Z scores after the epidemic (0.45±1.32) was higher than it before the epidemic (0.37±1.35) among primary school group (t=2.57, P=0.01), while BMI-Z scores after the epidemic (0.27±1.17) was lower than it before the epidemic (0.39±1.18) among middle school group (t=-4.29, P < 0.01). Proportion of sweet food consumption and outdoor activities was statistically different before and after the epidemic(P>0.05), proportion of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and fried food intake were statistically different before and after the epidemic (P < 0.05), sleep time after the epidemic (8.52±1.83)h was higher than it before the epidemic (8.05±1.70)h (t=4.96, P < 0.05). Conclusion Before and after COVID-19 outbreak, BMI and overweight/obesity rates are significantly different among children and adolescents in Suzhou, and there is a slight difference in different studying phases. -
Key words:
- Coronavirus /
- Body mass index /
- Growth and development /
- Child /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同性别苏州儿童基本指标比较(x±s)
Table 1. Comparison of basic indexes of Suzhou children of different genders (x±s)
性别 人数 年龄/岁 身高/cm 体重/kg BMI/ (kg·m-2) BMI-Z评分 男 284 11.33±3.20 148.40±19.05 45.16±19.19 19.55±4.20 0.64±1.29 女 285 11.28±3.19 144.79±16.05 40.19±14.41 18.51±3.89 0.11±1.23 t值 0.18 2.44 3.49 3.06 4.99 P值 0.86 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 
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表 2 新冠肺炎疫情前后儿童青少年相关行为分布比较
Table 2. Related behavior changes among children and adolescents before and after COVID-19 epidemic
学段 疫情前后 统计值 甜食 含糖饮料 油炸食品 户外活动/(h·d-1) 从来不吃 每天 < 1次 每天≥1次 从来不喝 每天 < 1次 每天≥1次 从来不吃 每天 < 1次 每天≥1次 ＜1 1~2 >2 小学 疫情前 25(14.5) 129(74.6) 19(11.0) 38(22.0) 129(74.6) 6(3.5) 32(18.5) 131(75.7) 10(5.8) 49(28.3) 70(40.5) 54(31.2) (n=173) 疫情后 22(12.7) 129(74.6) 22(12.7) 51(29.5) 105(60.7) 17(9.8) 58(33.5) 107(61.8) 8(4.6) 34(19.7) 62(35.8) 77(44.5) χ2值 0.41 9.62 10.15 7.23 P值 0.81 0.01 0.01 0.03 中学 疫情前 23(10.5) 159(72.6) 37(16.9) 45(20.5) 159(72.6) 15(6.8) 20(9.1) 188(85.8) 11(5.0) 59 (26.9) 89(40.6) 71(32.4) (n=219) 疫情后 31(14.2) 136(62.1) 52(23.7) 54(24.7) 132(60.3) 33(15.1) 59(26.9) 142(64.8) 18(8.2) 77(35.2) 70(32.0) 72(32.9) χ2值 5.51 10.07 27.36 4.66 P值 0.06 0.01 < 0.01 0.10 合计 疫情前 48(12.2) 288(73.5) 56(14.3) 83(21.2) 288(73.5) 21(5.4) 52(13.3) 319(81.4) 21(5.4) 108(27.6) 159(40.6) 125(31.9) (n=392) 疫情后 53(13.5) 265(67.6) 74(18.9) 105(26.8) 237(60.5) 50(12.8) 117(29.8) 249(63.5) 26(6.6) 111(28.3) 132(33.7) 149(38.0) χ2值 3.70 19.37 34.16 4.65 P值 0.16 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.20 注：()内数字为构成比/%。表中数据存在缺失项。
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表 3 新冠肺炎疫情前后不同性别学段儿童青少年BMI-Z评分比较(x±s)
Table 3. BMI-Z scores changes among children and adolescents before and after COVID-19 epidemic (x±s)
时间 性别 学段 合计(n=569) 男生(n=284) 女生(n=285) 小学(n=345) 中学(n=224) 疫情前 0.64±1.29 0.11±1.23 0.37±1.35 0.39±1.18 0.37±1.28 疫情后 0.63±1.32 0.14±1.16 0.45±1.32 0.27±1.17 0.38±1.27 t值 0.42 -0.78 -2.57 4.29 -0.28 P值 0.68 0.44 0.01 < 0.01 0.78
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表 4 新冠肺炎疫情前后不同性别学段儿童青少年超重肥胖检出率比较
Table 4. Prevalence of overweight/obestiy changes among children and adolescents before and after COVID-19 epidemic
时间 性别 学段 合计(n=569) 男生(n=284) 女生(n=285) 小学(n=345) 中学(n=224) 疫情前 114(40.1) 66(23.2) 109(31.6) 71(31.7) 180(31.6) 疫情后 118(41.5) 64(22.5) 116(33.6) 66(29.5) 182(32.0) t值 0.47 0.20 1.49 1.19 0.07 P值 0.61 0.82 0.30 0.38 0.89 注：()内数字为检出率/%。
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