新冠肺炎疫情期间大学生自我效能与体力活动的特征及关系

王丹丹; 张磊; 刘锦昭; 吴雪萍

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.05.014

新冠肺炎疫情期间大学生自我效能与体力活动的特征及关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.05.014

1.
上海理工大学体育教学部，上海 200093
2.
上海体育学院体育教育训练学院
3.
厦门大学嘉庚学院体育教学部

详细信息

作者简介:
王丹丹(1989-)，女，河南省人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为青少年体力活动、适应体育

通讯作者:
吴雪萍，E-mail：wuxueping@sus.edu.cn

中图分类号: G 647.8 R 179 G 806
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- 文章访问数: 635
- HTML全文浏览量: 450
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-04
- 修回日期: 2020-12-06
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-25

Characteristics and relationship between self-efficacy and physical activity of college students during COVID-19 epidemic

1.
Physical Education Department, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai(200093), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称“新冠肺炎”)疫情期间在校大学生的自我效能和体力活动特征及关系，为大学生复学后体育工作的有序开展和课程改革提供依据。方法通过方便抽样法和滚雪球抽样法，对中国8个片区6 227名在校大学生，采用一般自我效能量表和国际体力活动问卷(短卷)进行调查。结果在自我效能方面，男生得分高于女生，大一学生高于其他年级(t/F值分别为7.32，5.56，P值均 < 0.01)；在体力活动方面，女生的中、高水平体力活动构成比高于男生，但男生满足推荐量的报告率更高(P值均 < 0.01)；大三学生低水平体力活动占比最多(31.75%)，大一学生(46.75%)、大二学生(48.13%)中等体力活动占比多，大四学生的高水平体力活动占比多(30.40%)；不同体质量指数(BMI)组，中等水平体力活动占比均最多，偏瘦组低水平体力活动占比最少(15.70%)，高水平体力活动占比最多(37.31%)，满足推荐量的报告率最低(P < 0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示，自我效能与体力活动呈正相关(OR=1.04，95%CI=1.03~1.05)。结论新冠肺炎疫情期间，不同性别、年级和BMI大学生的自我效能和体力活动存在差异，自我效能对体力活动有积极影响。大学体育教学需重视学生的自我效能，考虑个体和群体差异，通过自我效能的改善促进体力活动水平的提升。
- 冠状病毒属 /
- 自我 /
- 运动活动 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the characteristics and relationship between physical activity and self-efficacy of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic, so as to provide evidence for the orderly development of physical education and curriculum reform of college students after their return to school. Methods A total of 6 227 college students were collected from 8 districts of China by using convenient sampling method and snowball sampling method, and the physical activity and self-efficacy of all participants were assessed used by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-S) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES). Results In the terms of general self-efficacy, the score of male students was significantly higher than that of female students, the score of freshman was significantly higher than that of other grades(t/F=7.32, 5.56, P < 0.01). In terms of physical activity, the middle and high level physical activity of girls was significantly higher than that of boys, but the proportion of boys meeting the recommended amount was higher(P < 0.01). Low level physical activity was the highest in junior college students(31.75%), medium level physical activity was the highest in freshmen (46.75%) and sophomore student (48.13%), and high level physical activity was the highest senior college students (30.40%). The moderate level of physical activity was the highest in all BMI groups, while the lean group had the lowest level of low level physical activity (15.70%) and the highest level of high level physical activity(37.31%), and the lowest proportion meeting the recommended amount(P < 0.05). Self-efficacy had a positive predictive effect on physical activity(OR=1.04, 95%CI=1.03-1.05). Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic, there are significant differences in general self-efficacy and physical activity among college students by gender, grade and BMI. The general self-efficacy has a positive impact on physical activity, suggesting that college physical education should pay attention to students' self-efficacy, while considering individual and group differences, and promote physical activity level through self-efficacy improvement.
- Coronavirus /
- Ego /
- Motor activity /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 不同组别大学生自我效能得分比较

Table 1. Comparison of the scores of general self-efficacy between the different groups of colleges

组别	选项	人数	x±s	t/F值	P值
性别	男	2 625	36.17±6.75	7.32	< 0.01
	女	3 652	34.99±5.95
年级	大一	3 183	35.76±6.37	5.56	< 0.01
	大二	2 535	35.30±6.28
	大三	315	34.99±6.33
	大四	244	34.42±6.04
BMI等级	偏瘦	1 032	35.46±6.21	0.58	>0.05
	正常	3 742	35.57±6.25
	超重	724	35.29±6.71
	肥胖	779	35.66±6.32
体力活动满足推荐量	是	2 413	36.51±6.27	10.23	< 0.01
	否	3 864	34.84±6.27

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表 2 不同组别大学生体力活动水平和满足推荐量情况比较

Table 2. Comparison of physical activity and guideline meeting between the different groups of colleges

自变量	人数	水平			满足推荐量	χ²值
自变量	人数	低	中等	高	满足推荐量	χ²值
性别
男	2 625	738(28.11)	1 159(44.15)	728(27.73)	1 208(46.02)	158.70
女	3 652	627(17.17)	1 768(48.41)	1 257(34.42)	1 203(32.94)
年级
一	3 183	665(20.89)	1 488(46.75)	1 030(32.36)	1 205(37.86)	44.12
二	2 535	542(21.38)	1 220(48.13)	773(30.49)	968(38.19)
三	315	100(31.75)	133(42.22)	82(26.03)	156(49.52)
四	244	58(23.77)	86(35.25)	100(40.89)	82(33.61)
BMI
偏瘦	1 032	162(15.70)	485(46.58)	385(37.31)	326(31.59)	56.25
正常	3 742	828(22.13)	1 743(47.00)	1 171(31.29)	1 478(39.50)
超重	724	196(27.14)	320(44.57)	206(28.29)	296(43.57)
肥胖	779	179(22.96)	375(48.14)	225(28.88)	289(37.10)
注：()内数字为构成比或报告率/%；P值均 < 0.01。

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表 3 新冠肺炎疫情期间大学生自我效能与体力活动满足推荐量的Logistic回归分析(n=6 277)

Table 3. Logistic analysis of general self-efficacy on physical activity guideline meeting during the COVID-19 times in colleges(n=6 277)

自变量	选项	β值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
性别	女		1.00
	男	-0.47	0.62(0.56~0.70)^**
年级	大一		1.00
	大二	0.13	1.14(0.86~1.51)
	大三	0.13	1.14(0.86~1.51)
	大四	0.56	1.75(1.23~2.49)^**
BMI	偏瘦		1.00
	正常	-0.10	0.90(0.74~1.11)
	超重	0.17	1.18(1.00~1.39)^*
	肥胖	0.22	1.24(1.00~1.53)^*
自我效能		0.04	1.04(1.03~1.05)^**
注：P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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