新冠肺炎疫情期间高中生抑郁及自学能力与父母教养方式的关系

封安保; 郭缨; 刘海培; 王君

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.05.010

新冠肺炎疫情期间高中生抑郁及自学能力与父母教养方式的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.05.010

封安保¹,
郭缨¹,
刘海培¹,
王君^{2, 3, ,}

1.
安徽省合肥市第一中学，230601
2.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系
3.
出生人口健康教育部重点实验室/人口健康与优生安徽省重点实验室

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 81402698

详细信息

作者简介:
封安保(1971-)，男，安徽肥东人，在读硕士，中教特级，主要研究方向为中学生素质教育

通讯作者:
王君，E-mail：wangjun@ahmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: G 78 G 478 B 844.2
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- 文章访问数: 551
- HTML全文浏览量: 297
- PDF下载量: 110
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-02
- 修回日期: 2020-12-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-25

Relationship between parental rearing styles, self-directed learning ability and depressive symptoms among high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak

FENG Anbao¹,
GUO Ying¹,
LIU Haipei¹,
WANG Jun^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
Hefei No. 1 High School, Hefei(230601), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情控制期高中生抑郁症状与自学能力及父母教养方式的关系，为开展青少年心理健康和学习能力的家庭干预提供参考。方法 2020年2月，采用分层整群抽样方法，选取皖中、皖南及皖北2 893名高中生为研究对象，通过问卷星对学生开展抑郁症状、自学能力及父母教养方式等内容的在线调查。结果新冠肺炎疫情居家隔离期间，高中生抑郁症状检出率为38.9%。有抑郁症状高中生的父母情感理解与温暖因子评分较低，其余各因子评分相对较高，除父母偏爱被试因子外，各因子比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。自学能力较低学生的父母情感理解与温暖、父母偏爱被试及父亲过度保护因子评分均较低，父母惩罚与严厉、拒绝与否认因子评分较高(P值均 < 0.05)。Ordinal回归分析显示，父母情感理解与温暖(OR_父亲=0.95，OR_母亲=0.95)和父亲过分干涉(OR=0.95)评分与高中生抑郁症状及自学能力低下呈负相关，父亲拒绝与否认(OR=1.07)与父亲过度保护(OR=1.06)评分与高中生抑郁症状及自学能力低下呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论高中生抑郁症状及学习能力与父母教养方式相关联，尤以与情感理解与温暖因子及父亲教养方式关联更为明显。
- 冠状病毒属 /
- 抑郁 /
- 学习 /
- 教育 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective Explored the characteristics of parental rearing styles, and its association with depressive symptoms and the self-directed learning ability among high school students during COVID-19 epidemic, while providing a basis for family intervention in the area of adolescent mental health and students' learning abilities. Methods A total of 2 893 high school students from the southern, central, and northern regions of Anhui Province were selected using a stratified-cluster sampling method in Feb. 2020. The online questionnaire survey regarding depressive symptoms, self-directed learning abilities, and rearing styles was administered using the smartphone application Questionnaire Star. Results The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 38.9% among high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak. The parental rearing styles of high school students who reported depressive symptoms were characterized as follows: the scores of the parental emotional warmth factor, while relatively high scores of other factors, except the preferred factor. In addition, all of the factors showed statistically significant differences(P < 0.01). The parental rearing styles of high school students with a weak self-directed learning ability were characterized as low scores in parental emotional warmth, parents' prefer, and paternal over-protection(P < 0.05). Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that the negative correlation between depressive symptoms, low self-learning ability and parents' emotional warmth(father OR=0.95, mother OR=0.95) and father' over involvement(OR=0.95), the positive correlation between depressive symptoms, low self-learning ability and father' rejection(OR=1.07) and over protection(OR=1.06). Conclusion Depressive symptoms and the self-directed learning ability of high school students might be associated with paternal rearing styles, particularly in the case of emotional warmth.
- Coronavirus /
- Depression /
- Learning /
- Education /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 不同性别年级学生抑郁症状与自学能力水平分布比较

Table 1. Distribution characteristics of depressive symptoms and self-learning ability for gender and grade among high school students

性别与年级	人数	抑郁症状			自学能力
性别与年级	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值	高	中	低	χ²值	P值
性别男	1 533	563(36.7)	6.41	0.01	432(28.2)	835(54.5)	266(17.4)	32.96	< 0.01
女	1 360	562(41.3)			275(20.2)	763(56.1)	322(23.7)
年级一	1 766	692(39.2)	0.17	0.70	428(24.2)	993(56.2)	345(19.5)	2.27	0.32
二	1 127	433(38.4)			279(24.8)	605(53.7)	243(21.6)
合计	2 893	1 125(38.9)			707(24.4)	1 598(55.2)	588(20.3)
注： ()内数字为检出率或构成比/%。

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表 2 是否有抑郁症状及不同自学能力学生父母教养方式各因子得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Relationship between parental rearing styles and depressive symptoms, self-learning ability(x±s)

组别	选项	人数	统计值	父亲						母亲
组别	选项	人数	统计值	情感理解与温暖	惩罚与严厉	拒绝与否认	偏爱被试	过分干涉	过度保护	情感理解与温暖	惩罚与严厉	拒绝与否认	偏爱被试	过度保护与干涉
抑郁	否	1 768		56.71±10.98	15.07±4.28	8.27±2.48	9.02±3.07	18.93±4.24	11.40±2.95	59.69±10.79	11.09±3.52	11.85±3.88	8.82±3.42	34.45±7.67
	是	1 125		49.07±11.08	17.34±5.41	9.66±2.98	9.20±2.97	20.09±4.78	12.29±3.04	52.56±11.40	13.00±4.61	14.14±4.70	9.06±3.20	37.11±8.14
			t值	18.19	-11.87	-13.12	-1.20	-6.64	-7.89	16.94	-11.86	-13.65	-1.54	-8.77
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.23	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.12	< 0.01
自学能力	高等	707		60.25±10.83	15.40±4.91	8.58±2.85	9.38±3.11	19.72±4.55	12.01±3.29	63.19±10.27	11.41±4.04	12.23±4.33	9.30±3.67	35.84±8.10
	中等	1 598		53.20±10.72	15.89±4.57	8.71±2.60	9.13±3.02	19.28±4.34	11.74±2.90	56.36±10.77	11.79±3.96	12.72±4.30	8.86±3.21	35.44±7.97
	低等	588		47.38±10.94	16.79±5.50	9.35±3.02	8.76±2.94	19.26±4.80	11.43±2.96	50.90±11.50	12.45±4.39	13.42±4.49	8.74±3.29	35.19±7.75
			F值	232.74	13.30	14.64	4.23	2.68	5.97	212.74	10.67	11.99	3.15	1.15
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.02	0.07	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.04	0.32
注：偏爱被试样本中，是否抑郁情绪分别为763，1 044名，学习能力高、中、低分别为372，1 022，413名。

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表 3 父母教养方式的一致性与学生抑郁症状及自学能力评分比较(n=2 893)

Table 3. Comparison of depressive symptoms and self-learning ability scores in different parental rearing styles groups(n=2 893)

教养方式	一致性	抑郁症状			自学能力
教养方式	一致性	x±s	F值	P值	x±s	F值	P值
情感理解与	父母均是	29.72±7.65	356.58	< 0.01	38.24±7.81	359.30	< 0.01
温暖	父是母否	33.43±8.52			34.86±6.40
	父否母是	34.86±9.15			34.48±7.04
	父母均否	37.44±9.56			31.75±6.48
惩罚与严厉	父母均是	37.31±9.93	222.06	< 0.01	33.80±7.24	27.83	< 0.01
	父是母否	34.39±8.94			34.55±7.37
	父否母是	34.67±9.23			34.20±7.48
	父母均否	30.48±7.87			35.92±7.85
拒绝与否认	父母均是	37.84±10.31	217.84	< 0.01	33.75±7.59	16.52	< 0.01
	父是母否	33.96±8.63			34.98±7.16
	父否母是	34.85±9.40			34.34±7.68
	父母均否	30.91±7.75			35.51±7.60
偏爱被试	父母均是	34.38±9.15	0.11	0.74	34.71±7.31	6.64	0.01
	父是母否	35.49±9.41			33.84±7.13
	父否母是	36.80±10.17			33.19±6.99
	父母均否	34.14±9.21			33.69±7.47
过分干涉	父母均是	35.40±10.04	45.30	< 0.01	35.49±7.59	4.77	0.03
	父是母否	34.19±9.57			34.18±7.22
	父否母是	34.95±9.97			34.47±7.66
	父母均否	32.01±7.99			34.56±7.63
过度保护	父母均是	36.50±10.49	68.75	< 0.01	35.55±7.45	8.72	< 0.01
	父是母否	34.19±8.78			34.78±6.63
	父否母是	34.91±9.95			33.97±7.55
	父母均否	32.24±8.41			34.64±7.90

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表 4 新冠肺炎疫情期间高中生抑郁症状及自学能力影响因素的Ordinal回归分析(n=2 893)

Table 4. Ordinal regression analysis of the influence factors of depressive symptoms and self-study ability(n=2 893)

自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
父亲情感理解与温暖	0.06	0.01	53.40	< 0.01	0.95(0.93~0.96)
父亲惩罚与严厉	0.02	0.02	0.74	0.39	0.99(0.95~1.02)
父亲拒绝与否认	0.07	0.03	4.52	0.03	1.07(1.01~1.14)
父亲偏爱被试	0.03	0.02	1.39	0.24	1.03(0.98~1.08)
父亲过分干涉	0.05	0.02	9.41	< 0.01	0.95(0.92~0.98)
父亲过度保护	0.06	0.02	5.56	0.02	1.06(1.01~1.11)
母亲情感理解与温暖	0.05	0.01	51.11	< 0.01	0.95(0.94~0.96)
母亲惩罚与严厉	0.01	0.02	0.12	0.73	1.01(0.97~1.05)
母亲拒绝与否认	0.02	0.02	1.01	0.32	0.98(0.94~1.02)
母亲偏爱被试	0.03	0.02	1.67	0.20	1.03(0.99~1.07)
母亲过度保护与干涉	0.00	0.01	0.06	0.81	1.00(0.98~1.02)
性别	0.37	0.11	11.33	< 0.01	0.69(0.55~0.86)

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