Analysis of plant and poisonous mushroom poisoning events among people aged 0-19 in Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2019
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摘要:
目的 分析贵州省2015—2019年0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件的流行规律及特点，为预防和控制儿童青少年食物中毒事件的发生提供防控依据。 方法 收集贵州省2015—2019年食源性疾病暴发监测系统报告的0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件资料，对其核实整理并进行统计分析。 结果 2015—2019年贵州省0~19岁人群共发生植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件590起，中毒1 441人，死亡5人；中毒事件高峰在5月和9月，家庭和集体食堂是植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件的高发场所，占总事件的90.68%(535/590)；中毒原因食品最多的是毒蘑菇及马桑果，占71.69%(423/590)，其中5起中毒死亡病例全部由毒蘑菇中毒引起。 结论 贵州省0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件中，乡镇及农村地区散居儿童、中小学生是中毒高发群体。应重点加强对农村地区儿童青少年有毒植物及毒蘑菇类中毒防控的宣传教育，减少相关中毒事件的发生。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of plant and mushroom poisoning events among people aged 0-19 in Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2019, so as to provide the basis for prevention and control of food poisoning events among children and adolescents. Methods Data of people aged 0 to 19 involved in plant and mushroom poisoning incidents reported by the foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system in Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2019 were collected, verified, sorted and statistically analyzed. Results From 2015 to 2019, there were 590 cases of plant and mushroom poisoning among people aged 0 to 19 in Guizhou Province, 1 441 people were poisoned and 5 died. In May and September, family and collective dining halls were the places with the highest incidence of plant and poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents, accounting for 90.68% (535/590) of the total incidents. Poisonous mushrooms and masanberry accounted for 71.69% (423/590) of the food poisoning causes, and 5 people died of poisoning were caused by poisonous mushrooms. Conclusion In the cases of plant and mushroom poisoning among people aged 0-19 years in Guizhou Province, preschool primary and middle school students in rural areas are most vulnerable population of poisoning, so it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education on the prevention and control of toxic plant and mushroom poisoning among children and teenagers in rural areas, so as to reduce the occurrence of relevant poisoning incidents. -
Key words:
- Plant poisoning /
- Mushroom poisoning /
- Epidemiologic studies /
- Child /
- Adolescent
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表 1 贵州省2015—2019年0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件报告情况
Table 1. Report of poisonings of plants and poisonous mushrooms among people aged 0-19 years in Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2019
年份 事件数 中毒人数 死亡人数 总体 0~19岁 总体 0~19岁 总体 0~19岁 2015 53 22(41.51) 225 91(40.44) 4 1(28.00) 2016 118 55(46.61) 596 171(28.69) 17 2(11.76) 2017 353 159(45.04) 1 300 373(28.69) 5 0 2018 392 190(48.47) 1 570 468(29.81) 7 2(28.57) 2019 368 164(44.57) 1 358 338(24.98) 3 0 合计 1 284 590(45.95) 5 049 1 441(28.54) 36 5(13.89) 注：()内数字为百分比/%。 
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表 2 贵州省2015—2019年0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇类中毒致病因子分布
Table 2. Distribution of pathogenic factors of plant and poisonous mushrooms poisoning among 0-19 years old population in Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2019
中毒食品 致病因子 事件数(n=590) 中毒人数(n=1 441) 毒蘑菇 毒菌毒素 342(57.97) 565(39.21) 马桑果 羟基或氢化马桑毒素 81(13.73) 216(14.99) 桐油子或桐油果 桐子酸及异桐子酸 16(2.71) 51(3.54) 未煮熟四季豆 皂苷、红细胞凝集素 14(2.37) 23(1.60) 血皮菜(红凤菜) 吡咯里西啶生物碱 12(2.03) 18(1.25) 发芽马铃薯 龙葵素 9(1.53) 23(1.60) 野芋荷杆 草酸钙、氢氰酸及生物碱 4(0.68) 5(0.35) 野生水芹菜(石龙芮) 原白头翁素 3(0.51) 6(0.42) 自制酸菜 亚硝酸盐 2(0.34) 8(0.56) 生豆浆 皂素、胰蛋白酶抑制素 2(0.34) 30(2.08) 蓖麻籽 蓖麻毒素 1(0.17) 5(0.35) 曼陀罗 崀菪碱 1(0.17) 1(0.07) 其他有毒植物 其他植物毒素 27(4.58) 58(4.02) 混合食品 27(4.58) 132(9.16) 多种食品 26(4.41) 126(8.74) 不明因素 23(3.90) 174(12.07) 注：()内数字为构成比/%。混合食品指同一种食品中包含多种食材，而又难以明确具体分类的；多种食品指多种暴露食品，每种暴露食品可以为单一食品，也可以为混合食品；其他有毒植物包括厚果崖豆藤、古尼虫草、血当归叶、一枝蒿、铁树果、狼毒叶、山苞谷、银杏果、拐枣等。
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表 3 贵州省2015—2019年0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇中毒地区和年龄分布
Table 3. Age distribution of plant and poisonous mushrooms poisoning among people aged 0-19 years in Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2019
年龄/岁 人数 市(州) 县(区) 乡镇及农村 0~ < 4 110 8(7.27) 7(6.36) 95(86.36) 4~ < 8 321 9(7.80) 16(4.98) 296(82.21) 8~ < 13 539 19(3.53) 83(15.40) 437(81.08) 13~19 471 69(14.65) 127(26.96) 275(58.39) 合计 1 441 105(7.29) 233(16.17) 1 103(76.54) 注：()内数字为构成比/%。
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