Obesity and associated factors among students in Inner Mongolia in 2019
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摘要:
目的 了解内蒙古地区学生肥胖现状及其与饮食、运动、心理等方面的关系,为制定该地区学生肥胖干预措施提供科学依据。 方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取内蒙古自治区全部12个盟市、103个旗县区的186 649名学生。按中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准对调查对象进行分组,采用χ2检验进行单因素分析,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归模型筛选肥胖有关因素。 结果 学生总体肥胖率为18.54%,男生肥胖率为22.04%,女生为14.99%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,监测点(OR=0.79)、性别(OR=0.61)、每日吃油炸食品次数(OR=1.08)、每周每日运动超过60 min>2 d(OR=0.89)、是否每天吃早餐(OR=0.86)、每日喝饮料次数(OR=1.12)、吸烟(OR=0.87)、饮酒(OR=1.07)、每日吃水果次数(OR=1.07)、每日看电视≥2 h(OR=1.06)、睡眠时间(OR=0.93)以及学段可能与学生肥胖有关(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 内蒙古地区学生总体肥胖率较高,学生肥胖的发生与饮食运动行为、生活习惯及心理因素有关。应采取针对性干预措施控制学生肥胖的发生。 Abstract:Objective To understand the prevalence of obesity and its associations with diet, exercise and mental health among students in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of obesity intervention measures for students in this area. Methods Stratified and cluster random sampling was used to select 186 649 students from all 12 cities and 103 banners and counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. All the participants were divided into groups according to the BMI classification criteria for overweight/obesity screening of Chinese school-age children and adolescents (kg/m2). Univariate analysis was carried out by means of rectangular χ2 test, and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression model was used to screen the risk factors of obesity. Results The overall obesity rate was 18.54%, the obesity rate of boys was 22.04%, and the obesity rate of girls was 14.99%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that area(OR=0.79), sex (OR=0.61), times of eating fried food per day (OR=1.08), daily exercise for more than 60 minutes per week >2 days (OR=0.89), eat breakfast every day (OR=0.86), times of drinking drinks per day (OR=1.12), Smoking (OR=0.87), drinking (OR=1.07), eating fruit per day (OR=1.07), watching TV ≥2 hours a day (OR=1.06), sleeping time (OR=0.93) and school period may be related to obesity (P < 0.05). Conclusion The overall obesity rate of students in Inner Mongolia is relatively high, and the occurrence of obesity is related to diet, exercise behavior, living habits and psychological factors. -
Key words:
- Obesity /
- Food habits /
- Motor activity /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同人口统计学特征中小学生肥胖的单因素分析
Table 1. Demographic characteristics and univariate analysis of student obesity
人口统计学指标 人数 肥胖人数 χ2值 P值 片区 经济发达地区 57 204 9 308(16.27) 282.21 < 0.01 经济欠发达地区 129 445 25 306(19.55) 监测点 城市 59 535 11 256(18.91) 7.57 0.01 郊县 127 114 23 358(18.38) 性别 男 94 105 20 742(22.04) 1 535.96 < 0.01 女 92 544 13 872(14.99) 学段 小学 48 366 10 628(21.97) 1 240.06 < 0.01 初中 46 880 7 702(16.43) 高中 30 909 4 123(13.34) 大学 4 612 477(10.34) 民族 汉族 90 003 15 565(17.29) 2.12 0.15 蒙古族 34 397 6 069(17.64) 注:()内数字为检出率/%;片区的分组依据内蒙古统计年鉴,将呼和浩特市及生产总值≥3 000亿元的盟市划分经济发达地区,其余为经济欠发达地区;变量有缺失值。 表 2 内蒙古中小学生饮食运动行为与肥胖的单因素分析
Table 2. Single factor analysis of Diet, exercise behavior and obesity in students
饮食、运动行为 选项 人数 肥胖人数 χ2值 P值 每日喝含糖饮料/次 < 1 123 698 21 650(17.50) 1.72 0.19 ≥1 6 938 1 257(18.12) 每日吃甜食/次 < 1 113 585 20 682(18.21) 272.43 < 0.01 ≥1 17 046 2 225(13.05) 每日吃油炸食物/次 < 1 122 739 21 529(17.54) 0.02 0.89 ≥1 7 895 1 380(17.48) 每日吃水果/次 < 2 96 470 16 294(16.89) 105.37 < 0.01 ≥2 34 094 6 597(19.35) 每日吃蔬菜/次 < 2 79 827 13 395(16.78) 81.36 < 0.01 ≥2 50 716 9 498(18.73) 是否每天吃早餐 否 35 799 6 542(18.27) 19.06 < 0.01 是 94 669 16 325(17.24) 每周运动时间>60 min/d的天数 ≤2 58 469 10 340(17.68) 1.47 0.23 >2 71 925 12 529(17.42) 每周上体育课节数 < 2 15 999 2 430(15.19) 69.34 < 0.01 ≥2 114 428 20 438(17.86) 注:()内数字为检出率/%;变量有缺失值。 表 3 内蒙古中小学生生活习惯与肥胖的单因素分析
Table 3. Single factor analysis of life habit and obesity of students
生活习惯 选项 人数 肥胖人数 χ2值 P值 吸烟 否 119 890 21 316(17.78) 63.63 <0.01 是 10 576 1 555(14.70) 饮酒 否 99 904 17 974(17.99) 65.62 <0.01 是 30 417 4 859(15.97) 每日看电视时间/h <2 11 582 19 425(17.41) 9.55 < 0.01 ≥2 18 822 3 451(18.33) 每日用电脑时间/h <2 123 511 21 561(17.48) 7.31 0.01 ≥2 7 023 1 316(18.74) 每日白天户外活动时间/h <2 79 797 13 724(17.20) 17.09 <0.01 ≥2 50 490 9 135(18.09) 每日睡眠时间/h <8 89 936 14 814(16.47) 227.85 <0.01 ≥8 39 688 7 910(19.93) 注:()内数字为检出率/%;变量有缺失值。 表 4 内蒙古中小学生心理因素与肥胖的单因素分析
Table 4. Single factor analysis of psychological factors and obesity of students
心理因素 选项 人数 肥胖人数 χ2值 P值 感到压抑 没有或偶尔 71 162 10 542(14.81) 3.71 0.05 经常 10 758 1 670(15.52) 觉得未来有希望 没有或偶尔 33 462 5 123(15.31) 7.26 0.01 经常 48 469 7 090(14.63) 感到恐惧 没有或偶尔 76 105 11 267(14.80) 8.43 < 0.01 经常 5 817 943(16.21) 睡觉后不能缓解疲劳 没有或偶尔 69 805 10 336(14.81) 3.86 0.05 经常 12 126 1 879(15.50) 感到孤独 没有或偶尔 71 629 10 542(14.72) 16.31 <0.01 经常 10 287 1 670(16.23) 感到忧愁 没有或偶尔 71 801 10 574(14.73) 15.15 <0.01 经济 10 118 1 639(16.20) 注:()内数字为检出率/%;变量有缺失值。 表 5 内蒙古中小学生肥胖影响因素的Logistic回归分析(n=186 649)
Table 5. Logistic analysis of influencing factors of obesity among students(n=186 649)
自变量 选项 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) 片区 经济发达地区 1.00 经济欠发达地区 0.23 0.02 184.69 <0.01 1.26(1.22~1.30) 监测点 城市 1.00 郊县 -0.24 0.02 202.02 <0.01 0.79(0.76~0.82) 性别 男 1.00 女 -0.50 0.02 1 046.48 <0.01 0.61(0.59~0.63) 学段 大学 1.00 小学 0.97 0.06 307.87 <0.01 2.63(2.36~2.93) 初中 0.58 0.05 115.98 <0.01 1.79(1.61~1.99) 高中 0.32 0.05 35.84 <0.01 1.37(1.24~1.52) 每日喝饮料/次 < 1 1.00 ≥1 0.12 0.03 12.46 <0.01 1.12(1.05~1.20) 每日吃甜食/次 < 1 1.00 ≥1 -0.40 0.03 231.48 <0.01 0.67(0.64~0.71) 每日吃油炸食品/次 < 1 1.00 ≥1 0.07 0.03 5.00 0.03 1.08(1.01~1.15) 每日吃水果/次 < 2 1.00 ≥2 0.07 0.02 16.31 <0.01 1.07(1.04~1.11) 每日吃蔬菜/次 < 2 1.00 ≥2 0.06 0.02 15.42 <0.01 1.06(1.03~1.10) 每天吃早餐 否 1.00 是 -0.15 0.02 83.46 <0.01 0.86(0.83~0.89) 每周每日运动≥60 min超过2 d -0.11 0.02 56.13 <0.01 0.89(0.87~0.92) 每周体育课节数≥2节 0.04 0.01 14.08 <0.01 1.04(1.02~1.06) 吸烟 -0.14 0.03 23.31 <0.01 0.87(0.82~0.92) 饮酒 0.07 0.02 13.79 <0.01 1.07(1.03~1.11) 每日看电视时间≥2 h 0.06 0.02 7.89 0.01 1.06(1.02~1.10) 每日睡眠时间≥8 h -0.08 0.02 18.08 <0.01 0.93(0.89~0.96) 经常觉得未来有希望 -0.04 0.02 5.02 0.03 0.96(0.92~0.99) 经常感到孤单 0.08 0.03 6.66 0.01 1.08(1.02~1.15) 经常感到忧愁 0.06 0.03 4.04 0.04 1.06(1.00~1.13) -
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