Depression and anxiety and assciated factors among college students returned to campus during the outbreak of COVID-19
-
摘要:
目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间返校大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪现况及其影响因素，为后续开展有效的情绪疏导和心理干预提供依据。 方法 采用整群抽样的方法对安徽中医药高等专科学校首批返校的2 697名大学生进行自编问卷调查，内容包括基本信息、抑郁自评量表(Self-rating Depression Scale, SDS)和焦虑自评量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale, SAS)等。 结果 首批返校大学生抑郁检出率为31.8%，焦虑检出率为10.4%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，女生产生抑郁情绪的风险是男生的1.28倍；因疫情致家庭损失的大学生产生抑郁情绪的风险是无家庭损失的1.30倍；外向性格(OR=0.62)、中性脾气(OR=0.55)及温和脾气(OR=0.46)、每周体育锻炼次数适中(1~2次：OR=0.73；3~4次：OR=0.65)与大学生产生抑郁情绪呈负相关；早餐次数较少与大学生产生抑郁情绪呈正相关。独生子女大学生产生焦虑情绪风险是非独生子女的1.61倍；因疫情致家庭损失的大学生产生焦虑情绪的风险是无家庭损失的1.45倍；中性脾气(OR=0.67)及温和脾气(OR=0.56)、每周体育锻炼1~2次(OR=0.67)与大学生产生焦虑情绪呈负相关；从来不吃早餐(OR=2.03)与大学生产生焦虑情绪呈正相关。 结论 新冠肺炎流行期间，首批返校大学生群体抑郁检出率较高。学校应针对有因疫情所致损失经历、独生子女、具有不良早餐习惯、缺乏体育锻炼的学生及时开展有效情绪疏解和心理干预。 Abstract:Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of depression and anxiety and assciated factors of back-to-school college students during the outbreak of COVID-19, so as to provide theoretical basis for emotional counseling and psychological crisis intervention after long-term school closure due to epidemic outbreak. Methods Cluster sampling was used to select the first batch of 2 697 back-to-school students in a high vocational college. The survey content includes basic information questionnaire, Depression Self-rating Scale (SDS) and Anxiety Self-rating Scale(SAS). Results The detection rate of depression and anxiety was 31.8% and 10.4% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of depression in female college students was 1.28 times higher than that in male students. The risk of depression among college students with family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 was 1.30 times that of those without family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Outgoing personality(OR=0.62), neutral (OR=0.55) and mild temper(OR=0.46), moderate frequency of physical exercise per week(1-2 times: OR=0.73, 3-4 times: OR=0.65) were protective effects for depression in college students.Low frequency of breakfast were the risk effects for depression in college. The risk of anxiety among college students who was the only child in the family was 1.61 times higher than that who was not the only child in the family. The risk of anxiety among college students with family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 was 1.45 times higher than that college students without family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Neutral temper, mild temper and physical exercise 1-2 times a week were associated with lower level of anxiety in college students(OR=0.67, 0.56, 0.67). Breakfast skipping (OR=2.03) was associated with higher levvel of anxiety in college students. Conclusions During the outbreak of COVID-19, the first batch of back-to-school college students presented high level of depression. Colleges are suggested to promptly carry out effective emotional relief and psychological intervention for students, especially those whose family suffered in COVID-19, the only child in the family, with poor breakfast eating habits, as well as breakfast skipping and lack of physical exercise. -
Key words:
- Coronavirus /
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Regression analysis /
- Mental health /
- Students
1) 吴楠和张婉君为并列第一作者。 -
表 1 返校大学生抑郁和焦虑影响因素的单因素分析
Table 1. Single factor analysis of depression and anxiety influencing factors of back-to-school college students
组别 选项 人数 统计值 抑郁人数 焦虑人数 性别 男 672 187(27.8) 80(11.9) 女 2 025 670(33.1) 200(9.9) χ2值 6.44 2.23 P值 0.01 0.14 户籍所在地 农村 1 949 616(31.6) 198(10.2) 城市 748 241(32.2) 82(11.0) χ2值 0.09 0.38 P值 0.76 0.54 家庭类型 核心家庭 1 892 600(31.7) 206(10.9) 单亲家庭 163 59(36.2) 15(9.2) 三代同堂 569 172(30.2) 48(8.4) 其他 73 26(35.6) 11(15.1) χ2值 2.60 4.80 P值 0.46 0.19 独生子女 是 677 223(32.9) 94(13.9) 否 2 020 634(31.4) 186(9.2) χ2值 0.56 11.92 P值 0.45 < 0.01 因疫情致家庭损失 是 1 717 584(34.0) 196(11.4) 否 980 273(27.9) 84(8.6) χ2值 10.91 5.42 P值 0.00 0.02 自评性格 内向 736 262(35.6) 83(11.3) 中性 1 183 385(32.5) 125(10.6) 外向 778 210(27.0) 72(9.3) χ2值 13.49 1.74 P值 < 0.01 0.42 自评脾气 急躁 629 280(44.5) 91(14.5) 中性 1 154 343(29.7) 113(9.8) 温和 914 234(25.6) 76(8.3) χ2值 65.40 15.91 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 饮食习惯 偏肉食 759 271(35.7) 85(11.2) 偏素食 430 151(35.1) 52(12.1) 不偏食 1 508 435(28.8) 143(9.5) χ2值 13.59 3.21 P值 0.00 0.20 早餐行为 每天都吃 580 129(22.2) 53(9.1) 每月≥15 d 978 284(29.0) 90(9.2) 每月< 15 d 1 049 395(37.7) 120(11.4) 从来不吃 90 49(54.4) 17(18.9) χ2值 65.76 10.69 P值 < 0.01 0.01 每周体育锻炼/次 0 544 224(41.2) 69(12.7) 1~2 1 183 364(30.8) 99(8.4) 3~4 558 140(25.1) 52(9.3) ≥5 412 129(31.3) 60(14.6) χ2值 34.28 16.67 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 合计 2 697 857(31.8) 280(10.4) 注：()内数字为检出率/%。 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 返校大学生抑郁影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=2 697)
Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of depression influencing factors of back-to-school college students
自变量 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) 性别 男 1.00 女 0.25 0.11 5.33 0.02 1.28(1.04~1.58) 因疫情致家庭损失 否 1.00 是 0.26 0.09 8.25 < 0.01 1.30(1.09~1.55) 自评性格 内向 1.00 中性 -0.09 0.10 0.66 0.42 0.92(0.75~1.13) 外向 -0.49 0.12 17.13 < 0.01 0.62(0.49~0.77) 自评脾气 急躁 1.00 中性 -0.60 0.11 31.10 < 0.01 0.55(0.45~0.68) 温和 -0.78 0.11 46.52 < 0.01 0.46(0.37~0.57) 饮食习惯 偏肉食 1.00 偏素食 0.05 0.13 0.16 0.69 1.06(0.81~1.37) 不偏食 -0.12 0.10 1.52 0.22 0.88(0.73~1.08) 早餐行为 每天都吃 1.00 每月≥15 d 0.35 0.13 7.94 0.01 1.43(1.11~1.82) 每月< 15 d 0.71 0.12 32.93 < 0.01 2.03(1.60~2.59) 从来不吃 1.34 0.25 30.11 < 0.01 3.83(2.37~6.19) 每周体育锻炼/次 0 1.00 1~2 -0.32 0.11 8.12 < 0.01 0.73(0.58~0.91) 3~4 -0.43 0.14 9.37 < 0.01 0.65(0.50~0.86) ≥5 -0.06 0.15 0.14 0.71 0.95(0.71~1.27)
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 返校大学生焦虑影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=2 697)
Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on the influencing factors of anxiety of back-to-school college students (n=2 697)
自变量 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) 独生子女 否 1.00 是 0.48 0.14 11.95 < 0.01 1.61(1.23~2.12) 因疫情致家庭损失 否 1.00 是 0.37 0.14 7.03 0.01 1.45(1.10~1.90) 自评脾气 急躁 1.00 中性 -0.40 0.15 6.81 0.01 0.67(0.50~0.91) 温和 -0.59 0.17 12.36 < 0.01 0.56(0.40~0.77) 早餐行为 每天都吃 1.00 每月≥15 d 0.06 0.19 0.10 0.75 1.06(0.74~1.52) 每月< 15 d 0.27 0.18 2.21 0.14 1.30(0.92~1.85 从来不吃 0.71 0.32 5.08 0.02 2.03(1.10~3.77) 每周体育锻炼/次 0 1.00 1~2 -0.40 0.17 5.50 0.02 0.67(0.48~0.94) 3~4 -0.21 0.20 1.10 0.30 0.81(0.55~1.20) ≥5 0.25 0.20 1.63 0.20 1.29(0.87~1.89)
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室. 抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国行动[N]. 人民日报, 2020-06-08(010).State Council Information Office. Fighting COVID-19: China in action[N]. People's Daily, 2020-06-08(010). [2] 汪向东, 王希林, 马弘. 心理卫生评定量表手册: 增订版[M]. 北京: 中国心理卫生杂志社, 1999: 194-196, 235-238.WANG X D, WANG X L, MA H. Manual of mental hygiene rating scale: Revision[M]. Beijing: China Mental Health Magazine, 1999: 194-196. [3] 瞿伟, 丁宁, 潘发明, 等. 某高职院校医学生抑郁、焦虑现状分析[J]. 安徽医药, 2014, 18(1): 71-74. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6469.2014.01.021ZHAI W, DING N, PAN F M, et al. Analysis on the status of anxiety and depression in students of a higher vocational college[J]. Anhui Med Pharmac J, 2014, 18(1): 71-74. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6469.2014.01.021 [4] 朱金秀, 许诺, 潘叶炜, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间不同类别成年人对疫情的认知和防控行为及心身健康状态调查研究[J]. 中国医药, 2020, 15(6): 816-820. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYG202006006.htmZHU J X, XU N, PAN Y W, et al. Investigation research on cognition, prevention and control behavior and psychosomatic healthy status of different types of adults during the epidemic period of Corona Virus Disease-19[J]. China Med, 2020, 15(06): 816-820. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYG202006006.htm [5] 金岳龙, 江敏敏, 陈燕, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期社区居民疫情信息获得途径及其与心理行为问题关系[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2020, 36(5): 665-667. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW202005003.htmJIN Y L, JIANG M M, CHEN Y, et al. Association of acquisition path of epidemic information with psychological problems during period of novel coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic among community residents in Anhui province[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2020, 36(5): 665-667. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW202005003.htm [6] 匡征凌, 郭凯文, 刘蔚珂, 等. 武汉某高校大学生对新型冠状病毒肺炎防疫知识认知及心理状态的调查[J]. 热带医学杂志, 2020, 20(3): 283-285, 288. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDYZ202003002.htmKUANG Z L, GUO K W, LIU W K, et al. Investigation of knowledge cognition status and mentality status of college students in Wuhan on epidemic prevention of COVID-19[J]. J Tropic Med, 2020, 20(3): 283-285, 288. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDYZ202003002.htm [7] 陈燕, 金岳龙, 朱丽君, 等. 基于网络的安徽省居民新型冠状病毒肺炎知识、态度、行为调查分析[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2020, 54(4): 367-373.CHEN Y, JIN Y L, ZHU L J, et al. The network investigation on knowledge, attitude and practice about COVID-19 of the residents in Anhui Province[J]. Chin J Prev Med, 2020(4): 367-373. [8] 郑世华, 仝巧云, 郑爱军. 大学生抑郁和焦虑状况调查及相关因素分析[J]. 重庆医学, 2016, 45(20): 2835-2837. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2016.20.032ZHENG S H, TONG Q Y, ZHENG A J. Investigation and analysis of related factors of depression and anxiety in college students[J]. Chongqing Med, 2016, 45(20): 2835-2837. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2016.20.032 [9] 申苗苗. 大学生生活事件对抑郁的影响[D]. 开封: 河南大学, 2015.SHEN M M. The influence of college students' life events on depression[D]. Kaifeng: Henan University, 2015. [10] 金雯. 浙江某高校大学生抑郁焦虑流行现况及相关因素的横断面研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2014.JIN W. Depression and anxiety among undergraduate students in China: prevalence and related factors[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2014. [11] 陈凯华, 伍晓艳. 安徽省大学生体育锻炼与情绪和睡眠状况的相关性研究[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2015, 36(5): 715-717. http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/id/zgxxws201505022CHEN K H, WU X Y. Research on the correlation between physical exercise and mood and sleep status of college students in Anhui Province[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2015, 36(5): 715-717. http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/id/zgxxws201505022 [12] 黄孟云, 朱丽君, 金岳龙, 等. 安徽省大学生新型冠状病毒肺炎的认知和防控行为调查[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2020, 24(5): 529-533. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBKZ202005008.htmHUANG M Y, ZHU L J, JIN Y L, et al. Investigation of cognition and prevention and control behavior of COVID－19 among undergraduates in Anhui Province[J]. Chin J Dis Contr Prev, 2020, 24(5): 529-533. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBKZ202005008.htm [13] 程硕, 贾存显. 独生子女大学生与非独生子女大学生焦虑和抑郁症状的比较[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2019, 33(10): 783-787. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2019.10.012CHEN S, JIA C X. Discrimination of anxiety and depression symptoms between only-child and non-only-child college students[J]. Chin J Mental Health, 2019, 33(10): 783-787. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2019.10.012 [14] 金晓雨, 肖晶, 崔丽霞. 大学生情绪调节的认知策略、外显自尊、人格特质与社交焦虑的关系[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2013, 21(4): 609-612. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL201304055.htmJIN X Y, XIAO J, CUI L X. The relationship between cognitive emotional regulation strategies, self-esteem, personality trait and social anxiety[J]. Chin J Health Psychol, 2013, 21(4): 609-612. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL201304055.htm [15] 段意梅. 不同锻炼方法对大学生抑郁焦虑症状干预效果分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2014, 35(7): 1022-1024. http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/id/zgxxws201407021DUAN Y M. Analysis of the intervention effect of different exercise methods on depression and anxiety symptoms of college students[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2014, 35(7): 1022-1024. http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/id/zgxxws201407021 [16] 陈翔, 胡志斌. 高等学校新型冠状病毒肺炎防控指南[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2020: 85-86.CHEN X, HU Z B. Guidelines on COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Higher Education Institutes[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2020: 85-86. -
点击查看大图
表(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1441
- HTML全文浏览量: 690
- PDF下载量: 171
- 被引次数: 0
