南昌市中学生求助行为与非自杀性自伤的关联

敖成; 胡旺; 周凡; 胡达振; 龙纤纤; 黄鹏

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.027

南昌市中学生求助行为与非自杀性自伤的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.027

敖成¹,
胡旺²,
周凡²,
胡达振¹,
龙纤纤¹,
黄鹏^{2, 3, ,}

1.
南昌大学公共卫生学院，江西 330006
2.
南昌大学公共卫生学院循证医学中心
3.
江西省预防医学重点实验室

基金项目:

国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目 201910403014

详细信息

作者简介:
敖成(1998-)，男，江西新余人，在读本科生

通讯作者:
黄鹏，E-mail：huangpengncu@163.com

中图分类号: G 478 B 844.2
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- 文章访问数: 598
- HTML全文浏览量: 332
- PDF下载量: 37
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-04
- 修回日期: 2020-11-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-25

Analysis of differences between middle school and high school students' help-seeking behaviors and association with non-suicidal self-injury

1.
School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang(330006), China

摘要

摘要: 目的比较初中生与高中生求助行为的差异及其与非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为的关联，为中学生非自杀性自伤的防控提供依据。方法以南昌市内3所中学为研究现场，通过一般情况调查表、渥太华自伤判断条目和中学生求助行为问卷对整群抽取的4 434名学生进行调查，并采用SPSS 22.0进行数据处理。结果中学生NSSI检出率为33.3%，初中生检出率(36.0%)高于高中生(29.6%)(χ²=19.41，P < 0.01)。不论是初中生还是高中生，NSSI者与非NSSI者在求助意愿、求助家人及老师、面对面交谈求助方面得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，女生(OR=1.45)、担任班干部(OR=1.26)、城镇户籍(OR=1.45)、经常被长辈责骂(OR=1.98)及学习负担较重(OR=1.39)可能增加初中生NSSI发生的风险，而求助家人(OR=0.95)或老师(OR=0.95)可能减少初中生NSSI发生的风险；女生(OR=1.50)、担任班干部(OR=1.34)、独生子女(OR=1.45)、父亲文化程度为大专及以上(相对于初中及以下)(OR=1.56)、经常被长辈责骂(OR=2.08)、经常被长辈体罚(OR=4.12)及学习负担较重(OR=1.38)均可能增加高中生NSSI发生的风险，而具有求助意愿(OR=0.82)、求助家人(OR=0.95)及老师(OR=0.96)均可能减少高中生NSSI发生的风险。结论初中生与高中生的求助行为存在一定的差异，应积极关注中学生的求助行为并鼓励中学生主动寻求帮助。
- 精神卫生 /
- 行为 /
- 自我伤害行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand and compare the differences in help-seeking behavior among junior high school students and senior high school students and their association with non-suicidal self-injury to provide a basis for the prevention and control of non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students. Methods Three middle schools in Nanchang were selected, and the survey were conducted among 4 434 students through the General Situation Questionnaire, the Ottawa Self-injury Judgment Entry, and the Middle School Students' Help-Seeking Behavior Questionnaire, and SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The NSSI detection rate among middle school students was 33.3%, and junior high school students' detection rate(36.0%) were higher than high school students(29.6%) (χ²=19.41, P < 0.01). Differences in willingness to ask for help, asking for help from family and teachers, and talking face-to-face for help were statistically significant (all P < 0.01) among NSSI participants and non-NSSI participants, for both junior high school and high school students. Females (OR=1.45), class cadres (OR=1.26), urban household registration (OR=1.45), frequent scolding by elders (OR=1.98) and a high academic burden (OR=1.39) all possible increased the risk of NSSI in junior high school students, while assistance to family members (OR=0.95) or teachers (OR=0.95) possible reduced the risk of NSSI in junior high school students. Females (OR=1.50), class cadres (OR=1.34), only children (OR=1.45), fathers with college education and above (compared to junior high school and below) (OR=1.56), frequent scolding by elders (OR=2.08), frequent corporal punishment from elders (OR=4.12) and high academic burden (OR=1.38) possibly increased the risk of NSSI among high school students, while willingness to ask for help (OR=0.82), asking for help from family (OR=0.95) and teachers (OR=0.96) possible reduced the risk of NSSI among high school students. Conclusion There are some differences in help-seeking behavior between junior and high school students, and school and parents should actively focus on middle school students' help-seeking behavior and encourage them to seek help.
- Mental health /
- Behavior /
- Self-injurious behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 不同人口统计学特征初中生和高中生NSSI检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of NSSI detection rate between junior high school students and senior high school students with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标	选项	初中生				高中生
人口统计学指标	选项	人数	NSSI	χ²值	P值	人数	NSSI	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 318	415(31.5)	23.53	< 0.01	901	241(26.7)	7.03	0.01
性别	女	1 254	510(40.7)			961	311(32.4)
是否担任班干部	是	967	374(38.7)	4.95	0.03	548	193(35.2)	11.57	< 0.01
是否担任班干部	否	1 605	551(34.3)			1 314	359(27.3)
户籍地	农村	816	248(30.4)	16.11	< 0.01	877	218(24.9)	18.22	< 0.01
户籍地	城镇	1 756	677(38.6)			985	334(33.9)
是否独生子女	是	554	219(39.5)	3.90	< 0.05	373	148(39.7)	22.51	< 0.01
是否独生子女	否	2 018	706(35.0)			1 489	404(27.1)
与母亲亲缘关系	亲生母亲	2 476	881(35.6)	4.49	0.20	1 798	528(29.4)	3.51	0.33
	继母	58	27(46.6)			32	13(40.6)
	养母	5	2(40.0)			8	4(50.0)
	没有母亲	33	15(45.5)			24	7(29.2)
与父亲亲缘关系	亲生父亲	2 506	892(35.6)	6.03	0.10	1 810	534(29.5)	1.57	0.69
	继父	27	13(48.1)			14	6(42.9)
	养父	4	2(50.0)			9	3(33.3)
	没有父亲	35	18(51.4)			29	9(31.0)
母亲文化程度	初中及以下	1 303	436(33.5)	9.24	0.01	1 080	279(25.8)	20.00	< 0.01
	高中/中专	788	289(36.7)			512	172(33.6)
	大专及以上	448	185(41.3)			246	94(38.2)
父亲文化程度	初中及以下	1 066	354(33.2)	7.17	0.03	839	212(25.3)	28.88	< 0.01
	高中/中专	914	331(36.2)			644	188(29.2)
	大专及以上	557	222(39.9)			350	143(40.9)
经常被长辈责骂	是	379	208(54.9)	69.07	< 0.01	159	83(52.2)	42.41	< 0.01
经常被长辈责骂	否	2 193	717(32.7)			1 703	469(27.5)
经常被长辈体罚	是	49	28(57.1)	9.73	0.00	18	13(72.2)	15.80	< 0.01
经常被长辈体罚	否	2 523	897(35.6)			1 844	539(29.2)
家庭经济情况	较好	860	290(33.7)	4.26	0.12	380	128(33.7)	7.91	0.02
	一般	1 545	566(36.6)			1 173	321(27.4)
	较差	167	69(41.3)			309	103(33.3)
学习负担	较轻	153	44(28.8)	36.74	< 0.01	96	39(40.6)	47.21	< 0.01
	一般	1 483	474(32.0)			918	205(22.3)
	较重	936	407(43.5)			848	308(36.3)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 初中生和高中生非NSSI与NSSI者求助意愿对象及方式得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of the scores of willingness, object, manner of seeking help among non-NSSI and NSSI of junior high school students and senior high school students (x±s)

学段	是否NSSI	人数	统计值	求助意愿	求助对象			求助方式
学段	是否NSSI	人数	统计值	求助意愿	家人	老师	朋友	面对面交谈	打电话	通过纸张写信	电子文字信息
初中	否	1 647		3.82±1.09	11.48±4.35	8.56±3.46	9.96±4.17	3.31±1.19	3.28±1.18	2.88±1.25	3.12±1.27
	是	925		3.55±1.15	9.84±4.22	7.44±3.29	9.98±4.16	3.06±1.26	3.23±1.23	2.83±1.29	3.06±1.33
			t值	5.73	9.27	8.04	-0.12	5.09	0.82	1.10	1.10
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.90	< 0.01	0.41	0.27	0.27
高中	否	1 310		4.00±0.93	11.94±4.01	8.78±3.26	11.11±3.93	3.46±1.04	3.59±0.98	3.04±1.13	3.45±1.04
	是	552		3.72±1.06	10.46±4.11	7.71±3.44	10.68±4.27	3.23±1.18	3.38±1.16	2.94±1.23	3.35±1.18
			t值	5.45	7.22	6.24	2.06	3.88	3.76	1.65	1.78
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.04	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.10	0.08

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表 3 初中生和高中生NSSI影响因素的Logistic回归分析

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of factors affecting middle and high school students' non-suicidal self-injury

学段	自变量与常数项	β值	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
初中(n=2 572)	性别	0.37	18.25	< 0.01	1.45(1.22~1.73)
	担任班干部	0.23	6.66	0.01	1.26(1.06~1.51)
	户籍地	0.37	14.82	< 0.01	1.45(1.20~1.74)
	经常被长辈责骂	0.68	32.33	< 0.01	1.98(1.57~2.51)
	学习负担情况	0.33	18.39	< 0.01	1.39(1.20~1.62)
	求助家人	-0.05	16.24	< 0.01	0.95(0.92~0.97)
	求助老师	-0.06	11.04	< 0.01	0.95(0.92~0.98)
	常数项	-1.73	33.18	< 0.01	0.18
高中(n=1 862)	性别	0.40	13.24	< 0.01	1.50(1.20~1.86)
	担任班干部	0.29	6.21	0.01	1.34(1.06~1.68)
	独生子女	0.37	6.78	0.01	1.45(1.10~1.92)
	父亲文化程度
	初中及以下	8.39	0.02		1.00
	高中/中专	0.09	0.52	0.47	1.09(0.86~1.40)
	大专及以上	0.44	8.12	< 0.01	1.56(1.15~2.11)
	经常被长辈责骂	0.73	15.70	< 0.01	2.08(1.45~2.99)
	经常被长辈体罚	1.42	6.24	0.01	4.12(1.36~12.51)
	学习负担情况	0.32	11.76	< 0.01	1.38(1.15~1.65)
	求助意愿	-0.20	11.54	< 0.01	0.82(0.73~0.92)
	求助家人	-0.05	7.65	0.01	0.95(0.92~0.99)
	求助老师	-0.04	4.04	0.05	0.96(0.92~1.00)
	常数项	-1.00	8.10	< 0.01	0.37

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