中国郑州香港台湾三地青少年生存质量和心理健康比较

常明钰; 张瑞星; 王梦佳; 程梦吟; LeeRegina; SuIng-Ya

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.023

中国郑州香港台湾三地青少年生存质量和心理健康比较

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.023

1.
郑州大学护理与健康学院, 河南 450000
2.
河南省人民医院护理部/郑州大学人民医院/河南大学临床医学院
3.
纽卡斯尔大学护理和助产学院
4.
台湾学校护士协会

详细信息

作者简介:
常明钰(1996-)，女，河南南阳人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为青少年心理护理

通讯作者:
张瑞星，E-mail：894499618@qq.com

中图分类号: G647.8G444
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-13
- 修回日期: 2020-12-12
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-25

Comparative study on the quality of life and mental health of teenagers in Zhengzhou and HongKong and Taiwan

1.
School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou(450000), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨郑州市青少年的生存质量和心理健康现状并与中国香港、台湾地区进行比较，为今后相应教育方案的制定提供依据。方法分层整群抽取郑州市12所中小学四至九年级6 401名学生，分别整群抽取香港和台湾地区四至九年级3 642和1 547名学生，使用儿童生活质量普适性核心量表、自尊量表、一般自我效能感量表、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表中文精简版及自制一般情况调查表进行问卷调查。结果郑州、香港和台湾三地区青少年在生存质量总分及各维度、自尊、自我效能、焦虑、抑郁、压力得分差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为398.17，257.90，193.53，321.34，258.89，191.30，171.28，51.13，119.00，67.40，P值均 < 0.05)。郑州市青少年生存质量总分及各维度得分高于香港地区，而自尊和焦虑得分低于台湾青少年(P值均 < 0.05)。除自尊、焦虑和压力方面，不同年级和性别郑州市青少年的生理功能、情感功能、社会功能、学校功能、自我效能、抑郁及生活质量总分差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为13.53，20.71，10.92，20.26，14.68，-16.03，21.26；6.16，3.81，-2.22，-0.33，8.76，4.16，2.71，P值< 0.01)。港台地区青少年生存质量在不同年级和性别上表现出的特征与郑州市青少年基本一致，抑郁、压力得分在年级变化上的差异与郑州市青少年相同。结论郑州市青少年生存质量和心理健康整体良好，且优于港台地区。需探讨青少年生存质量和心理健康状况之间的关系，以期提高青少年的生存质量水平。
- 生活质量 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 香港 /
- 台湾 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To explore the quality of life and mental health status of adolescents in Zhengzhou, and to compare with HongKong and Taiwan. Methods A total of 6 401 students from 12 primary and secondary schools in Zhengzhou City. A total of 3 642 students from HongKong and 1 547 students from Taiwan were selected by cluster sampling. And Padiatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0, Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and self-made general situation questionnaire were used to conduct questionnaire survey. Results The total score of quality of life and the scores of each dimension in Zhengzhou were significantly higher than those in HongKong, while self-esteem and anxiety were lower than those of Taiwan adolescents(P < 0.05). In addition to self-esteem, anxiety and stress, the scores of quality of life and mental health of adolescents of different grades and genders in Zhengzhou were statistically different(t=13.53, 20.71, 10.92, 20.26, 14.68, -16.03, 21.26;6.16, 3.81, -2.22, -0.33, 8.76, 4.16, 2.71, P < 0.01). The quality of life of adolescents in HongKong and Taiwan in different grades and genders were basically the same as those in Zhengzhou, and the differences of depression and stress scores in grades were the same as those in Zhengzhou. Conclusion The overall quality of life and mental health of adolescents in Zhengzhou is better than that in Hong Kong and Taiwan. It is necessary to explore the relationship between the quality of life and mental health of adolescents in order to improve their quality of life.
- Quality of life /
- Mental health /
- Hongkong /
- Taiwan /
- Adolescent

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表 1 各地区不同学段青少年生存质量与心理健康得分比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of quality of life and mental health scores of adolescents in different regions and school periods(x±s)

地区	学段	人数	统计值	生理功能	情感功能	社会功能	学校功能	生活质量总分	自尊	自我效能	焦虑	抑郁	压力
郑州	小学	3 601		67.60±10.55	61.74±14.79	71.52±10.66	66.29±10.86	67.12±9.13	20.09±5.36	28.98±6.35	2.92±3.61	2.12±3.50	3.49±3.96
	初中	2 792		63.70±12.04	53.60±16.30	68.81±12.38	60.15±13.23	61.72±10.48	20.63±4.49	26.56±6.33	4.63±4.59	3.78±4.62	5.40±4.87
			t值	13.53	20.71	10.92	20.26	21.26	-4.08	14.68	-16.40	-16.03	-16.98
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
香港	小学	3 002		60.61±13.04	52.43±16.69	64.40±14.27	58.43±13.11	73.70±14.15	27.77±4.66	25.53±6.37	4.31±4.52	4.13±4.81	5.22±4.85
	初中	640		57.61±13.35	49.30±14.96	60.84±15.04	53.35±12.87	68.96±13.60	27.17±4.45	25.25±5.84	4.96±4.33	4.84±4.57	6.12±4.65
			t值	5.22	4.34	5.63	8.89	7.57	2.87	1.02	-3.27	-3.42	-4.24
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	>0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
台湾	小学	1 056		64.81±13.94	58.96±17.35	68.30±15.31	61.92±14.13	79.62±15.87	28.95±4.63	26.84±6.85	3.35±4.35	3.05±4.54	4.15±4.63
	初中	491		63.83±12.43	58.18±16.08	69.19±12.12	58.36±14.30	78.01±13.47	27.54±4.57	25.27±6.43	3.31±3.39	3.35±3.84	4.47±3.97
			t值	1.33	0.84	-1.14	4.57	1.90	5.50	4.19	0.20	-1.24	-1.29
			P值	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	>0.05	< 0.01	>0.05	>0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 2 不同地区男女生生存质量与心理健康得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of quality of life and mental health scores of adolescents of different genders and regions(x±s)

地区	性别	人数	统计值	生理功能	情感功能	社会功能	学校功能	生活质量总分	自尊	自我效能	焦虑	抑郁	压力
郑州	男	3 390		66.73±11.17	58.91±15.61	70.28±11.66	63.57±12.20	65.08±9.98	20.28±5.17	28.62±6.47	3.74±4.27	3.05±4.30	4.40±4.56
	女	3 004		64.96±11.56	57.38±16.32	70.93±11.44	63.67±12.18	64.36±10.22	20.38±4.82	27.17±6.34	3.58±4.03	2.62±3.89	4.23±4.40
	小计	6 041		65.90±11.39	58.19±15.97	70.59±11.56	63.62±12.32	64.75±10.11	20.33±5.01	27.94±6.46	2.85±4.12	3.67±4.16	4.33±4.48
			t值	6.16	3.81	-2.22	-0.33	2.71	-0.79	8.76	1.56	4.16	1.51
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	>0.05	< 0.01	>0.05	< 0.01	>0.05
香港	男	1 868		61.88±13.47	54.07±16.73	63.31±15.76	57.82±14.06	74.03±14.73	27.97±4.87	26.10±6.67	4.44±4.71	4.46±5.01	5.48±5.02
	女	1 774		58.48±12.54	50.05±15.80	64.33±13.08	57.46±12.31	71.96±13.47	27.40±4.35	24.91±5.83	4.41±4.31	4.04±4.52	5.27±4.64
	小计	3 642		60.12±13.14	51.92±16.43	63.79±14.46	57.56±13.19	58.31±11.33	27.67±4.62	25.48±6.28	4.43±4.50	4.25±4.77	5.38±4.83
			t值	7.78	7.36	-2.11	0.82	4.30	3.57	5.60	0.18	2.65	1.26
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.05	>0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	>0.05	< 0.01	>0.05
台湾	男	787		64.96±13.73	59.73±16.65	67.90±14.64	59.98±14.57	79.11±15.06	28.73±4.52	26.49±6.99	3.34±4.03	3.17±4.31	4.38±4.44
	女	760		64.36±13.11	58.08±17.03	69.70±14.64	61.76±13.88	79.48±15.02	28.27±4.81	26.12±6.65	3.23±4.03	2.99±4.20	4.05±4.36
	小计	1 547		64.60±13.48	58.76±16.93	68.61±14.38	60.80±14.28	63.33±12.13	28.49±4.67	26.30±6.82	3.31±4.05	3.12±4.31	4.22±4.41
			t值	0.89	1.95	-2.53	-2.47	-0.48	1.95	1.07	0.50	0.84	1.43
			P值	>0.05	>0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05

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