佛山市青少年口腔健康相关生活质量及影响因素分析

苏淑文; 张建明; 邓瑞冰; 王伟萍; 崔添强; 苏育武; 李霞

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.019

佛山市青少年口腔健康相关生活质量及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.019

苏淑文^{1, 2},
张建明¹,
邓瑞冰¹,
王伟萍¹,
崔添强¹,
苏育武¹,
李霞^{1, 2, ,}

1.
佛山科学技术学院附属口腔医院/佛山市口腔医院, 广东 528225
2.
佛山科学技术学院口腔医学院

基金项目:

广东省基础与应用基础研究基金联合基金项目 2019A1515111102

详细信息

作者简介:
苏淑文(1987—)，女，广东佛山人，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为健康相关生活质量和健康服务管理

通讯作者:
李霞，E-mail：dentistlx@163.com

中图分类号: G478R780.1R788
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-17
- 修回日期: 2020-10-23
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-25

Oral health-related quality of life and associated factors of Chinese adolescents in Foshan City

1.
School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan(528225), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的调查佛山市12~15岁青少年口腔健康相关生活质量，并探索其影响因素，为青少年的口腔健康促进提供对策建议。方法采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方式招募佛山市3 840名12~15岁青少年，对青少年口腔健康进行横断面研究。采用口腔临床检查和口腔健康问卷调查收集信息，并利用描述性分析、非参数检验和等级Logistic回归分析法对青少年口腔健康相关生活质量及相关影响因素进行分析。结果口腔问题对佛山地区青少年生活质量的中等至严重程度影响主要反映在进食方面(27.1%)。等级Logistic回归分析结果显示，低糖摄入频率、牙龈出血牙数较少，无过去12个月内牙疼及牙齿碰伤或摔伤史、居住地(南海、顺德)等因素与口腔健康相关生活质量呈正相关(OR=0.6~0.8，P值均＜0.05)。结论佛山地区青少年口腔健康相关生活质量略优于全国总体平均水平。建议根据细分区域的综合情况精准制定实施口腔公共卫生措施，联合多方力量加强青少年人群饮食限糖，预防牙龈出血，及时缓解并治疗牙痛，重点关注有牙外伤史的青少年人群，并且改变青少年自身、家长和教师有关口腔检查的就医观念，帮助其养成定期进行口腔检查的习惯。
- 口腔卫生 /
- 生活质量 /
- 健康促进 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To investigate oral health related quality of life and associated factors of adolescents between 12 and 15 years old, and to provide countermeasures and suggestions for oral health promotion of adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 3 840 adolescents aged 12-15 through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. The oral clinical examination and oral health questionnaire were conducted. Descriptive analysis, non-parametric testing and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the oral health-related quality of life and associated factors. Results Oral problems showed moderate to severe impact on quality of life, especially on eating (27.1%). Ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that low sugar intake frequency, few teeth with gingival bleeding, no history of dental pain in the past 12 months, no history of tooth injuries, and administrative region of residence (Nanhai, Shunde) were associated with higher oral health-related quality of life, (OR=0.6-0.8, P < 0.05). Conclusion The oral health-related quality of life of adolescents in Foshan was slightly better than the average national level. It is recommended to accurately formulate and ensure the full implementation of oral public health measures based on the comprehensive analysis of the local area, and combine various efforts to strengthen education on reducing excessive intake of sugar, prevent gingival bleeding, relieve and treat toothache in time, pay attention to adolescents with histories of dental trauma, and update the concepts of receiving oral health examination for the adolescents themselves, parents and teachers, and help adolescents develop the habit of regular oral examinations.
- Oral hygiene /
- Quality of life /
- Health promotion /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent

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表 1 不同组别青少年日常生活口腔影响程度量表得分分布

Table 1. Comparison of the distribution of OIDP scores in different groups of adolescents

组别	选项	人数	0分	1~9分	10~18分	19~27分	Z/χ²值	P值
年龄/岁	12	960	252 (26.3)	598 (62.3)	97 (10.1)	13 (1.4)	1.05	0.79
	13	960	227 (23.6)	623 (64.9)	97 (10.1)	13 (1.4)
	14	960	267 (27.8)	557 (58.0)	108 (11.3)	28 (2.9)
	15	960	276 (28.8)	539 (56.1)	117 (12.2)	28 (2.9)
性别	女	1 920	468 (24.4)	1 186 (61.8)	222 (11.6)	44 (2.3)	-3.13	0.00
	男	1 920	554 (28.9)	1 131 (58.9)	197 (10.3)	38 (2.0)
户口	农业	2 272	555 (24.4)	1 406 (61.9)	261 (11.5)	50 (2.2)	-3.53	0.00
	城镇	1 563	466 (29.8)	908 (58.1)	157 (10.0)	32 (2.0)
居住地	禅城	960	260 (27.1)	585 (60.9)	99 (10.3)	16 (1.7)	20.55	0.00
	南海	960	274 (28.5)	567 (59.1)	98 (10.2)	21 (2.2)
	顺德	960	282 (29.4)	560 (58.3)	97 (10.1)	21 (2.2)
	三水	960	206 (21.5)	605 (63.0)	125 (13.0)	24 (2.5)
是否独生子女	否	2 809	720 (25.6)	1 702 (60.6)	320 (11.4)	67 (2.4)	-2.87	0.00
	是	1 030	302 (29.3)	614 (59.6)	99 (9.6)	15 (1.5)
父亲文化程度	初中或以下	2 096	507 (24.2)	1 300 (62.0)	246 (11.7)	43 (2.1)	5.32	0.07
	高中或中专	923	243 (26.3)	554 (60.0)	101 (10.9)	25 (2.7)
	大专或以上	331	101 (30.5)	190 (57.4)	33 (10.0)	7 (2.1)
母亲文化程度	初中或以下	2 358	581 (24.6)	1 445 (61.3)	280 (11.9)	52 (2.2)	3.15	0.21
	高中或中专	725	193 (26.6)	443 (61.1)	75 (10.3)	14 (1.9)
	大专或以上	286	79 (27.6)	173 (60.5)	23 (8.0)	11 (3.8)
是否每天刷牙	否	57	15 (26.3)	37 (64.9)	3 (5.3)	2 (3.5)	-0.39	0.69
	是	3 783	1 007 (26.6)	2 280 (60.3)	416 (11.0)	80 (2.1)
是否使用牙线	否	3 484	948 (27.2)	2 087 (59.9)	375 (10.8)	74 (2.1)	-2.44	0.02
	是	356	74 (20.8)	230 (64.6)	44 (12.4)	8 (2.2)
糖摄入频率	低	547	167 (30.5)	323 (59.0)	44 (8.0)	13 (2.4)	20.32	0.00
	较低	1 031	303 (29.4)	609 (59.1)	102 (9.9)	17 (1.6)
	中等	1 342	339 (25.3)	811 (60.4)	166 (12.4)	26 (1.9)
	较高	690	161 (23.3)	437 (63.3)	72 (10.4)	20 (2.9)
	高	221	51 (23.1)	129 (60.3)	35 (10.9)	6 (2.1)
龋失补牙数/颗	0	2 395	681 (28.4)	1 405 (58.7)	255 (10.6)	54 (2.3)	15.71	0.00
	1	636	160 (25.2)	401 (63.1)	70 (11.0)	5 (0.8)
	2~3	555	133 (24.0)	353 (63.6)	55 (9.9)	14 (2.5)
	≥4	254	48 (18.9)	158 (62.2)	39 (15.4)	9 (3.5)
牙龈出血牙数/颗	0	2 064	570 (27.6)	1 232 (59.7)	216 (10.5)	46 (2.2)	10.48	0.02
	1	402	121 (30.1)	234 (58.2)	39 (9.7)	8 (2.0)
	2~3	558	150 (26.9)	332 (59.5)	62 (11.1)	14 (2.5)
	≥4	816	181 (22.2)	519 (63.6)	102 (12.5)	14 (1.7)
牙结石牙数/颗	0	2 318	646 (27.9)	1 375 (59.3)	241 (10.4)	56 (2.4)	4.99	0.17
	1	228	60 (26.3)	145 (63.6)	19 (8.3)	4 (1.8)
	2~3	505	123 (24.4)	309 (61.2)	63 (12.5)	10 (2.0)
	≥4	789	193 (24.5)	488 (61.9)	96 (12.2)	12 (1.5)
过去12个月牙疼史	无	1 673	598 (35.7)	891 (53.3)	152 (9.1)	32 (1.9)	-11.40	0.00
	有	1 558	253 (16.2)	1 065 (68.4)	198 (12.7)	42 (2.7)
过去12个月牙齿碰	无	2 278	678 (29.8)	1 325 (58.2)	224 (9.8)	51 (2.2)	-5.89	0.00
伤或摔伤史	有	706	133 (18.8)	454 (64.3)	105 (14.9)	14 (2.0)
注：()内数字为构成比/%；部分项目存在缺失值。

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表 2 青少年日常生活口腔影响程度量表得分与相关影响因素的等级Logistic回归分析(n=3 840)

Table 2. Ordinal Logistic regression analysis of OIDP scores and related factors in adolescents(n=3 840)

自变量	选项	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
年龄/岁	12	0.29	1.1(0.9~1.3)
	13	0.52	1.0(0.9~1.2)
	14	0.78	1.0(0.8~1.1)
	15		1.0
性别	女	0.23	1.1(1.0~1.2)
	男		1.0
户口	农业	0.39	1.1(0.9~1.2)
	城镇		1.0
居住地	禅城	0.16	0.9(0.8~1.0)
	南海	0.01	0.8(0.7~0.9)
	顺德	0.02	0.8(0.7~1.0)
	三水		1.0
是否独生子女	否	0.23	1.1(1.0~1.2)
	是		1.0
父亲文化程度	初中或以下	0.24	1.1(0.9~1.4)
	高中或中专	0.20	1.1(0.9~1.4)
	大专或以上		1.0
母亲文化程度	初中或以下	0.11	0.8(0.7~1.0)
	高中或中专	0.09	0.8(0.7~1.0)
	大专或以上		1.0
是否每天刷牙	否	0.82	0.9(0.6~1.6)
	是		1.0
是否使用牙线	否	0.41	0.9(0.8~1.1)
	是		1.0
糖摄入频率	低	0.04	0.8(0.6~1.0)
	较低	0.01	0.7(0.6~0.9)
	中等	0.10	0.8(0.7~1.0)
	较高	0.18	0.8(0.7~1.1)
	高		1.0
龋失补牙数/颗	0	0.40	0.9(0.7~1.1)
	1	0.55	0.9(0.7~1.2)
	2~3	0.72	1.0(0.8~1.2)
	≥4		1.0
牙龈出血牙数/颗	0	0.02	0.8(0.7~1.0)
	1	0.01	0.8(0.6~0.9)
	2~3	0.02	0.8(0.7~1.0)
	≥4		1.0
牙结石牙数/颗	0	0.99	1.0(0.9~1.2)
	1	0.58	0.9(0.7~1.2)
	2~3	0.58	1.1(0.9~1.3)
	≥4		1.0
过去12个月牙疼史	无	0.00	0.6(0.5~0.7)
	有		1.0
过去12个月牙齿碰	无	0.00	0.7(0.7~0.8)
伤或摔伤史	有		1.0

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