武汉市中学生新冠肺炎常态化防控下健康知识态度行为调查

孙震; 陶志阳; 吴晓东; 王高明; 李新跃

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.015

武汉市中学生新冠肺炎常态化防控下健康知识态度行为调查

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.015

1.
武汉市洪山区疾病预防控制中心，湖北 430070
2.
武汉市东西湖区疾病预防控制中心
3.
武汉市东湖高新区疾病预防控制中心

详细信息

作者简介:
孙震(1981-)，男，湖北武汉人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事健康教育工作

通讯作者:
李新跃，E-mail：64050742@qq.com

中图分类号: R183G478R193
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-28
- 修回日期: 2021-03-15
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-25

Knowledge attitude and behavior towards COVID-19 prevention among middle school students in the phase of normalized prevention and control in Wuhan

1.
Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Hongshan District of Wuhan, Wuhan (430070), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称“新冠肺炎”)疫情常态化防控下武汉市中学生防疫健康知识、态度、行为(KAP)现状及影响因素，为下一步开展健康教育提供依据。方法 2021年1月，分层随机抽取武汉市洪山区、东西湖区、东湖高新区各1所中学，共调查4 531名中学生。依托“问卷星”平台，学校通过QQ或微信群发送问卷二维码，调查学生新冠肺炎常态化防控下健康知识、态度、行为现状。结果新冠肺炎防控知识知晓率为71.46%(3 238名)，新冠肺炎防控行为具备率为55.99%(2 537名)，父、母职业为医护人员的中学生新冠肺炎防控行为具备率高于父母为其他职业者，知识知晓率和行为具备率随年级的增高呈下降趋势，而随着家庭月收入的增高呈上升趋势(P值均 < 0.05)。女生防控健康知识具备率较男生高。与“基本不关注疫情”相比，“疫情关注度关注度有所下降”、“关注度跟2020年一样”的中学生防控健康知识的具备率可能性更高；与初一学生比，高一、高二、高三学生防控健康知识具备率的可能性更低[OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为1.24(1.09~1.43), 2.56(1.54~4.25), 3.30(1.99~5.48), 0.49(0.39~0.62), 0.45(0.36~0.57), 0.63(0.46~0.88)]。而在健康行为具备率方面，母亲是本科、收入在8 001~15 000和15 000元以上、“疫情关注度有所下降”、“关注度跟2020年一样”、“以前没打算学医疫情中的所见所闻立志学医”、“本来打算学医疫情后更加坚定”的中学生更有可能具备健康行为[OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为1.29(1.04~1.60), 1.39(1.07~1.82), 1.74(1.32~2.29), 1.77(1.06~2.96), 3.47(2.08~5.81)]；高二学生防控健康行为具备的可能性更低[OR值(OR值95%CI)为0.74(0.60~0.90)](P值均 < 0.05)。老师讲授、家庭交流和手机端排在获取新冠疫情的渠道前3位。结论武汉市中学生新冠肺炎防控健康知识知晓率、行为具备率还有提升空间，应针对性地开展健康教育。
- 冠状病毒属 /
- 健康知识，态度，实践 /
- 健康教育 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand knowledge, attitude and behavior toward Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among middle school students in Wuhan, in the phase of normalized control and prevention of COVID-19, so as to provide evidence for further health education. Methods In January 2021, cluster random sampling method was used to select one middle school from Hongshan and Dongxihu District, as well as Donghu high tech zone, respectively. By using the "questionnaire star" platform, questionnaire QR code were sent to students through QQ or wechat by schools. A total of 4 531 middle school students were investigated. Results Preventive knowledge and behavior rate was 71.5% (3 238) and 56.0% (2 537), respectively. Preventive behaviors towards COVD-19 was reported in 56.0% (2 537) of participants. Students with parents as health care workers reported higher preventive behaviors(P < 0.05).Girls had a higher rate of possession of health knowledge for prevention and control than boys. Compared with "essentially no concern about the epidemic", "students with less concern about the epidemic" and "those with similar concern as 2020" were more likely to have higher awareness of health knowledge for prevention and control. Compared with the first-year junior middle school students, high school students were less likely to have the rates of knowledge for prevention and control health [OR(95%CI)=1.24(1.09-1.43), 2.56(1.54-4.25), 3.30(1.99-5.48), 0.49(0.39-0.62), 0.45(0.36-0.57), 0.63(0.46-0.88)].In terms of health behavior rate, middle school students whose mothers are undergraduates, whose incomes were more than 8 001-15 000 and 15 000 yuan, "whose attention to epidemic situation has declined", "whose attention is the same as that in 2020", "who did not plan to study medicine before", "who are determined to study medicine, and who plan to study medicine more firmly after epidemic situation " were more likely to have health behavior, [OR(95%CI)=1.29(1.04-1.60), 1.39(1.07-1.82), 1.74(1.32-2.29), 1.77(1.06-2.96), 3.47(2.08-5.81)], The grade-2 high middle school students had lower probability of preventing and controlling health behaviors [OR(95%CI)=0.74(0.60-0.90)](P < 0.05). Preventive knowledge and behaviors towards COVID-19 are mainly from school education, communication with parents and mobile learning. Conclusion Preventive knowledge and behaviors towards COVID-19 among Wuhan middle school students are needed to be improved and targeted health education should be implemented accordingly.
- Coronavirus /
- Health knowledge, attitudes, practice /
- Health education /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 武汉市中学生新冠肺炎防控下健康知识行为具备率单因素分析

Table 1. Single factor analysis of knowledge and behaviors related prevention and control of COVID-19 among middle school students in Wuhan City

影响因素	人数	统计值	知识知晓人数	行为具备人数
性别
男	2 529		1 761(69.63)	1 422(56.23)
女	2 002		1 477(73.78)	1 115(55.69)
		χ²值	9.41	0.13
		P值	< 0.01	0.71
年级
初一	955		755(79.06)	595(62.30)
初二	978		770(78.73)	588(60.12)
初三	787		595(75.60)	438(55.65)
高一	703		439(62.45)	377(53.63)
高二	847		505(59.62)	412(48.64)
高三	261		174(66.67)	127(48.66)
		Z值	117.10	48.17
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
父亲职业
国家机关、国企	803		593(73.85)	459(57.16)
事业单位、高校	459		351(76.47)	255(55.56)
医疗卫生	77		58(75.32)	47(61.04)
私企管理、文职	1 635		1 205(73.70)	950(58.10)
一线工人	105		55(52.38)	49(46.67)
个体商业及服务业	377		252(66.84)	211(55.97)
其他	1 075		724(67.35)	566(52.65)
		χ²值	44.08	12.81
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.05
母亲职业
国家机关	569		421(73.99)	340(59.75)
国企事业单位	460		350(76.09)	273(59.35)
高校医疗卫生	115		90(78.26)	75(65.22)
私企管理、文职	1 321		981(74.26)	739(55.94)
一线工人	68		35(51.47)	26(38.24)
商业及服务业	526		337(64.07)	289(54.94)
其他	1 472		1 024(69.57)	795(54.01)
		χ²值	44.32	20.63
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
父亲文化程度
高中、中专及以下	1 706		1 124(65.89)	897(52.58)
大专	859		634(73.81)	497(57.86)
本科	1 425		1 074(75.37)	833(58.46)
硕士及以上	541		406(75.05)	310(57.30)
		Z值	34.19	13.17
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
母亲文化程度
高中、中专及以下	1 973		1 307(66.24)	1 035(52.46)
大专	934		702(75.16)	523(56.00)
本科	1 269		980(77.23)	770(60.68)
硕士及以上	355		249(70.14)	209(58.87)
		Z值	29.23	19.49
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
家庭月收入/元
< 5 000	335		211(62.99)	158(47.16)
5001~8000	699		452(64.66)	357(51.07)
8001~15 000	970		694(71.55)	543(55.98)
>15 000	1 297		978(75.40)	805(62.07)
不了解	1 230		903(73.41)	674(54.80)
		Z值	29.00	11.84
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
疫情关注度
基本不关注	73		29(39.73)	23(31.51)
与2020年比有所下降	1 701		1 184(69.61)	789(46.38)
与2020年一样	2 757		2 025(73.45)	1 725(62.57)
		Z值	24.01	129.79
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
学医意愿
无意愿	2 685		1 929(71.84)	1 411(52.55)
本打算学医，疫情后不再打算学医	69		24(34.78)	36(52.17)
以前没有，疫情后立志学医	1 307		975(74.59)	797(60.98)
本打算学医，疫情后更加坚定	470		310(65.96)	293(62.34)
		χ²值	59.00	32.85
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
注：()内数字为知晓率或具备率/%。

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表 2 武汉市中学生新冠肺炎防控健康知识、行为影响因素二元Logistic回归分析(n=4 531)

Table 2. Binary Logistic regression analysis of knowledge and behaviors related prevention and control of COVID-19 among middle school students in Wuhan City (n=4 531)

自变量与常量	选项	健康知识				健康行为
自变量与常量	选项	β值	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	β值	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
性别	女	0.22	9.87	< 0.01	1.24(1.09~1.43)	-	-	-	-
年级	初二	-0.01	0.00	0.96	0.99(0.80~1.24)	-0.04	0.19	0.66	0.96(0.79~1.16)
	初三	-0.18	2.44	0.12	0.83(0.66~1.05)	-0.19	3.36	0.07	0.83(0.68~1.01)
	高一	-0.71	36.78	< 0.01	0.49(0.39~0.62)	-0.19	3.12	0.08	0.83(0.67~1.02)
	高二	-0.79	47.88	< 0.01	0.45(0.36~0.57)	-0.31	8.73	< 0.01	0.74(0.60~0.90)
	高三	-0.46	7.57	0.01	0.63(0.46~0.88)	-0.28	3.41	0.07	0.76(0.56~1.02)
父亲学历	大专	0.07	0.33	0.57	1.07(0.86~1.33)	0.06	0.31	0.58	1.06(0.87~1.30)
	本科	0.00	0.00	0.99	1.00(0.79~1.27)	-0.06	0.26	0.61	0.95(0.76~1.17)
	硕士及以上	0.01	0.00	0.95	1.01(0.73~1.40)	-0.18	1.55	0.21	0.83(0.63~1.11)
父亲职业	事业单位、高校	0.24	2.57	0.11	1.27(0.95~1.70)	0.02	0.01	0.91	1.02(0.79~1.31)
	医疗卫生	0.14	0.24	0.63	1.16(0.65~2.05)	0.19	0.53	0.47	1.21(0.73~2.01)
	私企管理、文职	0.05	0.16	0.69	1.05(0.84~1.31)	0.15	2.08	0.15	1.16(0.95~1.42)
	一线工人	-0.35	1.96	0.16	0.71(0.43~1.15)	0.03	0.02	0.90	1.03(0.64~1.65)
	个体商业及服务业	0.09	0.25	0.62	1.09(0.78~1.53)	0.14	0.82	0.37	1.15(0.85~1.58)
	其他	-0.01	0.00	0.96	0.99(0.76~1.29)	0.06	0.24	0.63	1.06(0.84~1.34)
母亲学历	大专	0.14	1.60	0.21	1.15(0.93~1.43)	0.06	0.30	0.58	1.06(0.87~1.29)
	本科	0.20	2.62	0.11	1.22(0.96~1.55)	0.26	5.47	0.02	1.29(1.04~1.60)
	硕士及以上	-0.17	0.89	0.35	0.84(0.59~1.20)	0.26	2.54	0.11	1.30(0.94~1.80)
母亲职业	事业单位、高校	0.09	0.30	0.58	1.09(0.80~1.50)	0.02	0.02	0.90	1.02(0.77~1.34)
	医疗卫生	0.19	0.54	0.46	1.21(0.73~2.02)	0.22	0.91	0.34	1.24(0.80~1.93)
	私企管理、文职	-0.06	0.17	0.68	0.95(0.73~1.23)	-0.21	3.03	0.08	0.81(0.64~1.03)
	一线工人	-0.38	1.61	0.21	0.69(0.38~1.23)	-0.54	3.28	0.07	0.59(0.33~1.05)
	个体商业及服务业	-0.30	3.17	0.08	0.74(0.54~1.03)	-0.07	0.21	0.65	0.93(0.69~1.26)
	其他	-0.07	0.23	0.63	0.94(0.72~1.23)	-0.10	0.61	0.44	0.91(0.71~1.16)
家庭月收入/元	5 001~8 000	-0.07	0.20	0.65	0.94(0.71~1.24)	0.10	0.57	0.45	1.11(0.85~1.45)
	8 001~15 000	0.10	0.46	0.50	1.10(0.83~1.46)	0.33	5.92	0.02	1.39(1.07~1.82)
	>15 000	0.14	0.84	0.36	1.15(0.86~1.54)	0.55	15.48	< 0.01	1.74(1.32~2.29)
	不了解	0.26	3.28	0.07	1.29(0.98~1.70)	0.34	6.62	0.01	1.41(1.09~1.83)
疫情关注度	与2020年比有所下降	0.94	13.08	< 0.01	2.56(1.54~4.25)	0.57	4.68	0.03	1.77(1.06~2.96)
	与2020年一样	1.19	21.23	< 0.01	3.30(1.99~5.48)	1.24	22.48	< 0.01	3.47(2.08~5.81)
学医意愿	本打算学医，疫情后不再打算学医	-1.36	25.59	< 0.01	0.26(0.15~0.44)	0.13	0.26	0.61	1.14(0.69~1.88)
	以前没有，疫情后立志学医	0.03	0.17	0.68	1.03(0.88~1.21)	0.22	9.32	< 0.01	1.25(1.08~1.44)
	本打算学医，疫情后更加坚定	-0.39	11.93	< 0.01	0.68(0.55~0.85)	0.27	6.20	0.01	1.30(1.06~1.61)
常量		-0.23	0.47	0.49	0.79	-1.07	10.92	0.00	0.34

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