Awareness of early childhood sex education and influencing factors among rural kindergarten teachers in Sichuan
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摘要:
目的 了解四川农村地区幼儿园教师幼儿性教育知识知晓情况及其影响因素，为采取措施提高农村教师幼儿性教育能力提供科学依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，在四川省农村地区选取16所幼儿园的160名教师，进行幼儿性教育相关问卷调查。 结果 教师幼儿性教育知识知晓率为73.8%。单项知识正确率较低的依次为“男生的包皮如果可以翻开，需要将包皮翻起来清洗(58.8%)”“家庭的功能中包含休息与娱乐功能(65.6%)”“女生清洗生殖器官需从前往后清洗(68.8%)”。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示，教龄>4年(OR=4.16，95%CI=1.74~9.98)、发现幼儿有性相关行为(OR=2.97，95%CI=1.19~7.40)、性知识来源途径数目>3条(OR=3.39，95%CI=1.42~8.13)的教师有更高的幼儿性教育知识知晓率(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 四川农村幼儿园教师的幼儿性教育知识掌握率有待提高。应构建多种性教育途径促使教师尤其是初就业教师获得更多相关知识，关注幼儿性相关行为，提高幼儿性教育能力。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the awareness of sexuality education knowledge in kindergarten teachers in rural areas of Sichuan and its influencing factors, and to provide a scientific basis for sex education capacity improvement among rural teachers. Methods With multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 162 teachers selected from 16 rural kindergartens in rural areas of Sichuan Province to conduct questionnaires related to early childhood sex education. Results The awereness of early childhood sex education foreskin care in rural areas in Sichuan was 73.8%. Knowledge regarding foreskin care(58.8%)", "the function of the family includes rest and entertainment functions(65.6%)", "girls need to clean the reproductive truets from the front to back (68.8%)".Multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression analysis results showed that teaching experience>4 years(OR=4.16, 95%CI=1.74-9.98), notice of young children with sexual related behaviors(OR=2.97, 95%CI=1.19-7.40), the number of sources of sexual knowledge sources ≥5(OR=3.39, 95%CI=1.42-8.13) were associated with high awareness of preschool sex education knowledge. Conclusion The preschool sex education knowledge awareness among Sichuan rural kindergarten teachers needs to be improved. A variety of sex education channels should be constructed to encourage teachers, especially those who are newly employed, to acquire more relevant knowledge, pay attention to children's sex-related behaviors, and improve their ability in sex education. -
Key words:
- Sex education /
- Knowledge /
- Health education /
- Regression analysis /
- Rural population
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表 1 幼儿园教师性教育知识知晓率(n=160)
Table 1. Knowledge mastery rate of sex education among kindergarten teachers(n=160)
题目 知晓人数 以下说法认同的是 妇产科不应该有男护士 148(93.7) 男孩不应该穿粉色 142(89.9) 美好事物面前都应不分男女 136(86.1) 男性“娘娘腔”是一种病态 132(82.5) 女孩就应该温柔 119(75.3) 家庭有哪些功能 教育功能 155(96.9) 抚养与赡养功能 139(86.9) 情感交流功能 138(86.2) 经济功能 132(82.5) 生育功能 129(80.6) 休息与娱乐功能 105(65.6) 男性的生殖器官包括 子宫 160(100.0) 卵巢 158(98.7) 阴道 157(98.1) 阴茎 147(91.9) 阴囊 132(82.5) 女性的生殖器官包括 阴茎 156(97.5) 子宫 156(97.5) 阴囊 156(97.5) 阴道 151(94.4) 卵巢 147(91.9) 对于生殖器官的清洗，以下哪些做法合适 男生不需要每天洗小鸡鸡 157(98.1) 女生每天都应该用温水清洗外阴 149(93.1) 女生每天都要用香皂/沐浴露洗外生殖器官 137(85.6) 女生每天都应该冲洗阴道里面 134(83.8) 女生清洗生殖器官需从前往后清洗 110(68.8) 男生的包皮如果可以翻开，需要将包皮翻起来清洗 94(58.8) 注：()内数字为知晓率/%；部分条目存在缺失值。 
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表 2 不同特征教师幼儿性教育知识知晓率比较
Table 2. Comparison of preschool sex education knowledge mastery rate of teachers with different
变量 分组 人数 知晓人数 χ2值 P值 年龄/岁 < 26 73 45(61.64) 12.94 < 0.01 26~35 38 29(76.32) >35 46 42(91.30) 婚姻 未婚 62 38(61.29) 9.68 < 0.01 已婚及其他 96 80(83.33) 带班 小班 43 28(65.12) 2.02 0.16 中班 44 32(72.73) 大班及学前班 67 52(77.61) 月收入/元 < 3 000 130 92(70.77) 3.20 0.74 ≥3 000 25 22(88.00) 学历 高中及以下 30 20(66.67) 0.87 0.35 大专及以上 128 96(75.00) 学前教育专业毕业 是 138 102(73.91) 0.01 0.91 否 22 16(72.73) 教龄/年 ≤4 65 37(56.92) 15.90 < 0.01 >4 90 77(85.56) 被幼儿询问过性相关问题 是 108 86(79.63) 5.93 0.02 否 52 32(61.54) 发现幼儿有性相关行为 是 126 102(80.95) 15.89 < 0.01 否 34 16(47.06) 家长和教师幼儿性教育相关 是 80 68(85.00) 9.79 < 0.01 话题沟通 否 79 50(63.29) 性知识来源途径数目/条 ≤3 75 45(60.00) 13.79 < 0.01 >3 85 73(85.88) 注：()内数字为知晓率/%；部分条目存在缺失值。
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表 3 影响教师性教育知识知晓率的多因素非条件Logistic回归分析(n=160)
Table 3. Unconditional Logistic regression analysis of multiple factors affecting teachers' knowledge of sex education(n=160)
自变量 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) 教龄 1.43 0.45 10.23 0.00 4.16(1.74~9.98) 性知识来源途径数目 1.22 0.45 7.50 0.01 3.39(1.42~8.13) 发现幼儿有性相关行为 1.09 0.47 5.45 0.02 2.97(1.19~7.40)
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