广州市某医科院校大学生营养状况及膳食行为关联

钟晓婷; 王婷仙; 周泉; 陈骁熠; 王晓燕

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.012

广州市某医科院校大学生营养状况及膳食行为关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.04.012

广州医科大学公共卫生学院，广东 511436

基金项目: 广州医科大学2018年校级教育科学规划课题项目

详细信息

作者简介:
钟晓婷(1998-)，女，广东湛江人，在读本科生

通讯作者:
王晓燕，E-mail：universe996@163.com

中图分类号: G 647.8 R 151 R 153.2
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- 文章访问数: 890
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-21
- 修回日期: 2020-12-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-25

Correlation between nutritional status and dietary behavior of college students in a medical college in Guangzhou

School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou (511436), China

摘要

摘要: 目的评价医科院校大学生的营养状况、食物摄入、饮食行为和体力活动水平，并探究与膳食行为的关联，为开展具有针对性的营养干预和营养教育提供参考依据。方法 2019年10—12月，分层随机抽取广州市某医科院校263名学生进行问卷调查与体格测量，采用χ²检验、Wilcoxon检验比较组间差异，多因素Logistic回归分析调查对象消瘦、超重及肥胖的影响因素。结果大学生消瘦检出率为25.5%，超重及肥胖率为11.8%。不同性别学生谷薯类、水果类、蛋类、禽畜类、油炸食品、碳酸饮料的摄入量差异均有统计学意义(U值分别为3 278.00，5 224.50，5 981.00，6 663.00，5 460.00，3 873.00，P值均＜0.05)。不同年级大学生总体力活动水平差异有统计学意义(U=4 239.50，P＜0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，蛋类摄入较多与消瘦呈负向关联(OR=0.20)；挑食偏食与消瘦呈正向关联(OR=2.96)；进食速度快与超重及肥胖正向关联(OR=5.35)(P值均＜0.05)。结论该校大学生营养不良检出率较高，膳食行为与消瘦、超重及肥胖关联。
- 营养状况 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 膳食调查 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the nutritional status, food intake, eating behavior and physical activity level of college students in a medical college in Guangzhou, and to explore its association with dietary behavior. Methods A total of 263 students selected using stratified random sampling method from a medical college in Guangzhou were investigated by questionnaire from October to December in 2019. Chi-square test and Wilcoxon test were used to analyze group differences. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze associated factors with thinness, overweight and obesity. Results The rate of thinness was 25.5%, and the rate of overweight and obesity was 11.8%. The intake of cereals, fruits, eggs, livestock, fried foods and carbonated drinks varied significantly by gender (U=3 278.00, 5 224.50, 5 981.00, 6 663.00, 5 460.00, 3 873.00, P < 0.05). There was significant difference in total physical activity level in different grades (U=4 239.50, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that egg intake was negatively correlated with emaciation (OR=0.20, P < 0.01). Picky eating and partial eating were positively correlated with emaciation (OR=2.96, P < 0.01). Eating fast was positively correlated with overweight and obesity (OR=5.35, P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of malnutrition among college students in this college is relatively high, and dietary behavior is associated with thinness, overweight and obesity.
- Nutritional status /
- Food habits /
- Diet surveys /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 不同人口学特征大学生消瘦超重及肥胖检出率比较

Table 1. Nutritional distribution of college students with different demographic characteristics

人口学指标	选项	人数	统计值	消瘦人数	超重及肥胖人数
性别	男	106		24(22.6)	18(17.0)
	女	157		43(27.4)	13(8.3)
			χ²值	0.18	3.99
			P值	0.77	0.05
年级	低	214		54(25.2)	23(10.7)
	高	49		13(26.5)	8(16.3)
			χ²值	0.19	1.36
			P值	0.66	0.24
年龄组	低	160		41(25.6)	15(9.4)
	高	103		26(25.2)	16(15.5)
			χ²值	0.07	2.35
			P值	0.79	0.13
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同食物种类每日人均食物摄入量与推荐量中值的比较[M(Q), g]

Table 2. Comparison of daily per capita food intake and medium recommended amount of different food types [M(Q), g]

食物种类	每日人均摄入量	推荐量中值	Z值	P值
谷薯类	307.6(209.1)	325	15 237.00	0.54
蔬菜	277.8(138.9)	400	1 797.00	＜0.01
水果	85.7(142.9)	275	723.00	＜0.01
蛋类	35.7(33.4)	45	9 418.50	＜0.01
水产品	6.7(15.5)	58	29.90	＜0.01
禽畜类	150.0(187.1)	58	30 117.50	＜0.01
大豆及坚果类	20.5(23.1)	30	8 132.00	＜0.01
奶及奶制品	107.1(157.2)	300	1 462.50	＜0.01

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表 3 不同食物种类摄入水平学生营养状况分布

Table 3. Comparison of the distribution of food intake levels among different nutritional status groups of students

食物种类	水平	男生						女生						合计
食物种类	水平	人数	消瘦	正常	超重及肥胖	χ²值	P值	人数	消瘦	正常	超重及肥胖	χ²值	P值	人数	消瘦	正常	超重及肥胖	χ²值	P值
蔬菜	不足	83	20(24.1)	48(57.8)	15(18.1)	1.70	0.83	124	31(25.0)	85(68.5)	8(6.5)	8.76	0.04	207	51(24.6)	133(64.3)	23(11.1)	4.36	0.33
	一般	11	2(18.2)	8(72.7)	1(9.1)			20	6(30.0)	9(45.0)	5(25.0)			31	8(25.8)	17(54.8)	6(19.4)
	较多	6	2(33.3)	4(66.7)	0			6	3(50.0)	3(50.0)	0			12	5(41.7)	7(58.3)	0
蛋类	不足	42	13(31.0)	21(50.0)	8(19.0)	3.68	0.46	90	29(32.2)	56(62.2)	5(5.6)	9.85	0.04	132	42(31.8)	77(58.3)	13(9.9)	10.91	0.03
	一般	35	7(20.0)	22(62.9)	6(17.1)			36	9(25.0)	21(58.3)	6(16.7)			71	16(22.5)	43(60.6)	12(16.9)
	较多	20	3(15.0)	15(75.0)	2(10.0)			25	2(8.0)	21(84.0)	2(8.0)			45	5(11.1)	36(80.0)	4(8.9)
方便面类	不足	22	5(22.7)	11(50.0)	6(27.3)	2.93	0.59	37	7(18.9)	25(67.6)	5(13.5)	31.45	＜0.01	59	12(20.3)	36(61.0)	11(18.7)	4.19	0.39
食品	一般	43	10(23.3)	28(65.1)	5(11.6)			79	21(26.6)	51(64.5)	7(8.9)			122	31(25.4)	79(64.8)	12(9.8)
	较多	31	7(22.6)	17(54.8)	7(22.6)			54	27(50.0)	11(20.4)	16(29.6)			58	18(31.0)	33(56.9)	7(12.1)
碳酸饮料	不足	15	3(20.0)	11(73.3)	1(6.7)	9.04	0.05	44	8(18.2)	28(63.6)	8(18.2)	7.73	0.09	59	11(18.6)	39(66.1)	9(15.3)	12.46	0.01
	一般	33	11(33.3)	20(60.6)	2(6.1)			72	25(34.7)	43(59.7)	4(5.6)			105	36(34.3)	63(60.0)	6(5.7)
	较多	49	9(18.4)	26(53.0)	14(28.6)			26	7(26.9)	18(69.2)	1(3.9)			75	16(21.3)	44(58.7)	15(20.0)
注：()内数字为构成比/%；表中数据存在缺失值。

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表 4 不同人口统计学特征大学生每周总体力活动水平比较/[M(Q), MET-min]

Table 4. Comparison of total physical activity level of college students with different demographic characteristics [M(Q), MET-min]

人口统计学指标		人数	总体力活动水平	U值	P值
性别	男	106	1 839.0(1 953.5)	7 949.00	0.54
	女	157	1 846.2(1 852.5)
年级	低	49	1 897.5(1 933.5)	4 239.50	0.04
	高	214	1 544.0(1 991.0)
年龄组	低	160	1 787.3(1 859.8)	7 976.00	0.66
	高	103	1 902.0(1 928.0)
合计		263	1 846.2(1 863.0)

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表 5 广州某医科院校大学生消瘦和超重肥胖影响因素的Logistic回归分析(n=257)

Table 5. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of emaciation, overweight and obesity among college students in a medical college in Guangzhou (n=257)

自变量	选项	消瘦					超重+肥胖
自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
蛋类摄入	较少	0.40	0.41	0.95	0.33	1.49(0.67~3.34)
	较多	-1.63	0.83	3.91	0.05	0.20(0.04~0.99)
挑食偏食		1.08	0.37	8.62	0.00	2.96(1.43~6.09)
进食速度	慢	0.94	0.49	3.64	0.06	2.55(0.98~6.69)	0.80	0.64	1.59	0.21	2.23(0.64~7.76)
	快	1.25	0.71	3.12	0.08	3.49(0.87~13.98)	1.68	0.72	5.39	0.02	5.35(1.30~22.04)
注：有6名研究对象膳食调查数据缺失。

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