Diet-related knowledge and behavior among students in Anhui Province
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摘要:
目的 了解安徽省2018年中小学生营养知识、食物喜好、饮食行为和食育体验活动现状,为相关部门制定学生营养改善措施提供科学依据。 方法 采取多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,从安徽省淮北、蚌埠、马鞍山、合肥、芜湖5个地区随机抽取三年级及以上学生2 045名作为调查对象,采用自填式问卷收集营养知识、食物喜好、饮食行为和食育体验活动相关信息。 结果 中小学生营养知识总知晓率为38.3%,最好的饮料是白开水的知晓率最高(91.6%)。健康食物喜好总报告率为51.5%,奶及奶制品的喜好率最高(66.4%)。良好饮食行为总报告率为85.8%,大部分时候三餐按时按量的报告率最高(87.7%)。食育体验活动总报告率为25.0%,会收拾餐桌的报告率最高(73.0%)。>12岁学生更多地掌握营养知识(χ2=28.8),≤12岁学生较好地具有健康食物喜好和良好饮食行为(χ2值分别为31.3,77.6),女生更经常地参与摆放餐具和收拾餐桌(χ2=12.2)(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 中小学生营养知识掌握情况差,虽有明确的食物喜好,但存在不良饮食行为。应有针对性开展校园营养健康教育,加强家庭和学校合作,增加学生的食育体验活动机会,帮助中小学生形成健康的生活方式。 Abstract:Objective To assess diet-related knowledge and behavior among primary and middle-school students in five cities of Anhui, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and intervention strategies. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 045 students in five cities(Huaibei, Bengbu, Ma'anshan, Hefei and Wuhu) of Anhui for a questionnaire survey on nutrition knowledge, diet behavior, food preferences, and diet education. Results The overall rate of good nutritional awareness was 38.3%; students had the highest rate of awareness on plain water being the healthiest drink(91.6%). The overall rate of healthy food preferences was 51.5%, with milk and dairy products being the highest rated (66.4%). The overall rate of good diet behavior was 85.8%, with eating most meals on time and in appropriate quantities being the highest rated (87.7%). The overall rate of students with good diet education was 25.0%, while the rate of table cleaning was 73.0%. Middle-school students had more knowledge of nutrition(χ2=28.8), while primary school students had better healthy food preferences and diet behaviors(χ2=31.3, 77.6), and girls were more frequently involved in setting and clearing the table(χ2=12.2)(P < 0.05). Conclusion Insufficient nutrition knowledge, clear food preferences, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and a lack of diet education were observed in primary and middle-school students in Anhui. Specific nutritional education in school settings should be developed, home-school cooperation should be strengthened, and diet education activities should be increased to help primary and middle-school students form a healthy lifestyle. -
Key words:
- Food habits /
- Knowledge /
- Behavior /
- Students
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表 1 不同年龄不同性别学生各类营养知识知晓率比较
Table 1. Comparison of awareness rate of nutrition knowledge among students of different genders in different sections
年龄与性别 选项 人数 统计值 健康定义 牛奶的好处 维生素和矿物质的食物来源 蛋白质的食物来源 碳水化合物的食物来源 最好的饮料 合计 年龄/岁 ≤12 1 149 825(71.8) 641(55.8) 806(70.1) 703(61.2) 430(37.4) 1 056(91.9) 382(33.3) >12 896 661(73.8) 615(68.6) 649(72.4) 624(69.6) 373(41.6) 817(91.2) 402(44.9) χ2值 1.0 35.1 1.3 15.8 3.7 0.3 28.8 P值 >0.05 < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.05 0.05 >0.05 < 0.05 性别 男 1 071 771(72.0) 660(61.6) 745(69.6) 744(69.5) 458(42.8) 973(90.8) 436(40.7) 女 974 715(73.4) 596(61.2) 710(72.9) 583(59.9) 345(35.4) 900(92.4) 348(35.7) χ2值 0.5 0.1 2.8 20.7 11.5 1.6 5.4 P值 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.05 合计 2 045 1 486(72.7) 1 256(61.4) 1 455(71.1) 1 327(64.9) 803(39.3) 1 873(91.6) 784(38.3) 注:()内数字为知晓率/%。 表 2 不同年龄不同性别学生食物喜好分布比较
Table 2. Comparison of the distribution of food preferences among students of different genders in different sections
年龄与性别 选项 人数 蔬菜 饮料 喜欢 一般 不喜欢 讨厌 χ2值 P值 喜欢 一般 不喜欢 讨厌 χ2值 P值 年龄/岁 ≤12 1 149 590(51.3) 50(4.4) 501(43.6) 8(0.7) 0.3 >0.05 80(7.0) 675(58.7) 313(27.2) 81(7.0) 31.3 < 0.05 >12 896 478(53.3) 22(2.5) 391(43.6) 5(0.6) 87(9.7) 590(65.8) 195(21.8) 24(2.7) 性别 男 1 071 552(51.5) 46(4.3) 466(43.5) 7(0.7) 0.1 >0.05 103(9.6) 642(59.9) 263(24.6) 63(5.9) 0.1 >0.05 女 974 516(53.0) 26(2.7) 426(43.7) 6(0.6) 64(6.6) 623(64.0) 245(25.2) 42(4.3) 合计 2 045 1 068(52.2) 72(3.5) 892(43.6) 13(0.6) 167(8.2) 1 265(61.9) 508(24.8) 105(5.1) 年龄与性别 选项 人数 腌制食品 奶及奶制品 喜欢 一般 不喜欢 讨厌 χ2值 P值 喜欢 一般 不喜欢 讨厌 χ2值 P值 年龄/岁 ≤12 1 149 59(5.1) 398(34.6) 474(41.3) 218(19.0) 77.6 < 0.05 794(69.1) 321(27.9) 24(2.1) 10(0.9) 3.4 >0.05 >12 896 52(5.8) 466(52.0) 316(35.3) 62(6.9) 563(62.8) 316(35.3) 15(1.7) 2(0.2) 性别 男 1 071 67(6.3) 434(40.5) 395(36.9) 175(16.3) 2.7 >0.05 694(64.8) 348(32.5) 21(2.0) 8(0.7) 2.7 >0.05 女 974 44(4.5) 430(44.1) 395(40.6) 105(10.8) 663(68.1) 289(29.7) 18(1.8) 4(0.4) 合计 2 045 111(5.4) 864(42.2) 790(38.6) 280(13.6) 1 357(66.4) 637(31.1) 39(1.9) 12(0.6) 注: ()内数字为构成比/%。 表 3 不同年龄不同性别学生饮食行为报告率比较
Table 3. Comparison of reported rates of eating behaviors among students of different genders in different sections
年龄与性别 选项 人数 统计值 饭前便后每次洗手 每周1次及以上外出就餐 每天吃早饭 大部分时候三餐按时按量 晚餐后经常吃食物 合计 年龄/岁 ≤12 1 149 662(57.6) 563(49.0) 944(82.2) 988(86.0) 931(81.0) 1 014(88.2) >12 896 385(43.0) 446(49.8) 636(71.0) 806(90.0) 822(91.7) 741(82.7) χ2值 43.2 0.1 35.8 7.4 33.6 12.7 P值 < 0.05 >0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 性别 男 1 071 563(52.6) 524(48.9) 845(78.9) 938(87.6) 906(84.6) 918(85.7) 女 974 484(49.7) 485(49.8) 735(75.5) 856(87.9) 847(87.0) 837(85.9) χ2值 1.7 0.2 3.4 0.1 1.1 0.1 P值 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 合计 2 045 1 047(51.2) 1 009(49.3) 1 580(77.3) 1 794(87.7) 1 753(85.7) 1 755(85.8) 注:()内数字为报告率/%。 表 4 不同年龄不同性别学生食育体验活动报告率比较
Table 4. Comparison of diet education of experience activities among students of different genders in different sections
年龄与性别 选项 人数 餐食劳作体验 会摆放餐具和收拾餐桌 美味厨房体验 有农场或食品企业体验 有就餐仪式体验 无 χ2值 P值 会摆放餐具 会收拾餐桌 无 χ2值 P值 年龄/岁 ≤12 1 149 283(24.6) 157(13.7) 207(18.0) 671(58.4) 2.3 >0.05 814(70.8) 825(71.8) 75(6.5) 0.6 >0.05 >12 896 197(22.0) 134(15.0) 159(17.7) 538(60.0) 633(70.5) 667(74.4) 54(6.0) 性别 男 1 071 239(22.3) 162(15.1) 189(17.6) 643(60.0) 2.9 >0.05 728(68.0) 748(69.8) 85(7.9) 12.2 < 0.05 女 974 241(24.7) 129(13.2) 177(18.2) 566(58.1) 719(73.8) 744(76.4) 44(4.5) 合计 2 045 480(23.5) 291(14.2) 366(17.9) 1 209(59.1) 1 447(70.8) 1 492(73.0) 129(6.3) 注: ()内数字为报告率/%。 -
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