Prevalence and influencing factors of dental fear among 12-15-year-old children in Shenzhen
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摘要:
目的 了解深圳市12~15岁儿童牙科畏惧症(children's dental fear, CDF)流行现状及影响因素,为改善儿童牙科畏惧情况和开展专项口腔健康促进提供依据。 方法 2018年10月—11月,在深圳市采用多阶段分层等容随机抽样方法抽取5 509名12~15岁儿童作为调查对象,采用儿童畏惧调查-牙科分量表(Children's Fear Survey Schedule-dental Subscale, CFSS-DS)进行调查及口腔健康检查等。 结果 深圳市12,13,14和15岁儿童牙科畏惧症检出率分别为30.3%,30.5%,33.6%和26.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.97,P=0.01),CFSS-DS得分分别为(29.86±13.23,29.72±13.59,31.23±14.47,29.79±13.24)分,差异有统计学意义(F=3.60,P=0.01)。男生和女生CFSS-DS得分分别为(27.92±13.69)和(32.62±13.12)(t=-12.97,P < 0.01),CDF检出率分别为23.8%和38.8%(χ2=159.29,P < 0.01)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析表明,性别、刷牙频次、就诊经历、口腔知识水平、口腔保健态度、口腔健康和全身健康状态与CDF相关均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 深圳市12~15岁儿童牙科畏惧症流行情况应引起重视,应开展综合干预措施,提升儿童口腔健康。 Abstract:Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of Children's Dental Fear (CDF) among 12-15-year-old children in Shenzhen city, so as to provide a framework to alleviate CDF and promote oral health. Methods Multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to select 5 509 children, aged 12-15 years, to participate in this study, which was carried out from October to November, 2018. The Children's Fear Survey Scheduling-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and oral health examinations were conducted in Shenzhen. Results The prevalence of dental fear in children aged 12, 13, 14, and 15 years in Shenzhen was 30.3%, 30.5%, 33.6%, and 26.9%, respectively(χ2=11.97, P=0.01). The CFSS-DS scores were(29.86±13.23)(29.72±13.59)(31.23±14.47)(29.79±13.24), respectively(F=3.60, P=0.01). The CFSS-DS scores of male and female participants were (27.92±13.69) and (32.62±13.12)(t=-12.97, P < 0.01), respectively, and the CDF prevalence rates were 23.8% and 38.8%, respectively(χ2=159.29, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, brushing frequency, visiting experience, oral knowledge level, oral health attitude, oral health and general health status were correlated with CDF (P < 0.05). Conclusion Attention should be paid to the prevalence of dental phobia among children aged 12-15 years in Shenzhen, and comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to improve children's oral health. -
Key words:
- Dental anxiety /
- Mental health /
- Oral hygience /
- Regression analysis /
- Child
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表 1 深圳市不同性别各年龄组儿童牙科畏惧症检出率比较
Table 1. Comparison of CDF detection rate with different age and gender in Shenzhen City
性别 12岁 13岁 14岁 15岁 人数 检出人数 χ2值 P值 人数 检出人数 χ2值 P值 人数 检出人数 χ2值 P值 人数 检出人数 χ2值 P值 男 910 222(24.4) 32.79 0.00 814 157(19.3) 101.66 0.00 663 189(28.5) 16.51 0.00 550 111(20.2) 26.73 0.00 女 761 284(37.3) 726 312(43.0) 581 229(39.4) 504 173(34.3) 注: ()内数字为检出率/%。 表 2 深圳市不同性别各年龄组儿童CFSS-DS得分比较
Table 2. Comparison of CFSS-DS score with different age and gender in Shenzhen City
性别 12岁 13岁 14岁 15岁 人数 x±s 人数 x±s 人数 x±s 人数 x±s 男 910 27.97±13.43 814 26.68±12.76 663 29.89±15.25 550 27.31±13.22 女 761 32.12±12.62 726 33.13±13.69 581 32.76±13.36 504 32.49±12.72 t值 -6.46 -9.58 -3.52 -6.48 P值 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 表 3 深圳市儿童牙科畏惧症单因素分析
Table 3. The single factor analysis of CDF in Shenzhen City
影响因素 选项 人数 检出人数 χ2值 P值 年龄/岁 12 1 671 506(30.3) 11.97 0.01 13 1 540 469(30.5) 14 1 244 418(33.6) 15 1 054 284(26.9) 性别 男 2 937 679(23.1) 159.29 0.00 女 2 572 998(38.8) 深圳户口 是 2 821 828(29.4) 3.35 0.07 否 2 572 814(31.6) 地区经济 高 2 928 871(29.7) 1.42 0.23 低 2 581 806(31.2) 窝沟封闭 是 565 141(25.0) 8.95 0.00 否 4 944 1 536(31.1) 每天刷牙次数 ≥2 3 136 901(28.7) 11.75 0.00 1 2 176 718(33.0) < 1 114 39(34.2) 龋齿 有 2 420 781(32.3) 6.84 0.01 无 3 089 896(29.0) 牙龈出血 有 2 421 761(31.4) 2.01 0.16 无 3 088 916(29.7) 牙石 有 2 113 639(30.2) 0.07 0.80 无 3 396 1 038(30.6) 独生子女 是 1 571 456(29.0) 2.21 0.14 否 3 917 1 217(31.1) 父亲学历 初中及以下 1 328 415(31.3) 2.03 0.36 高中及专科 2 079 617(29.7) 大学及以上 1 120 321(28.7) 母亲学历 初中及以下 1 662 525(31.6) 3.91 0.27 高中及专科 2 136 625(29.3) 大学及以上 805 229(28.4) 全身健康 很好 1 290 298(23.1) 76.39 0.00 较好 2 639 801(30.4) 一般 1 306 461(35.3) 较差 194 87(44.8) 很差 32 18(56.3) 口腔健康 很好 510 109(21.4) 96.75 0.00 较好 1 929 507(26.3) 一般 2 354 758(32.2) 较差 566 240(42.4) 很差 98 50(51.0) 看牙经历 有 3 949 1 154(29.2) 11.15 0.00 无 1 496 507(33.9) 口腔知识评分 0~2 614 214(34.9) 24.55 0.00 3~5 1 963 654(33.3) 6~8 2 932 809(27.6) 口腔态度评分 0~2 431 162(37.6) 11.28 0.00 3~4 5 078 1 515(29.8) 注: ()内数字为检出率/%,部分项目数据有缺失值。 表 4 深圳市12~15岁儿童牙科畏惧症多因素非条件Logistic回归分析(n=5 509)
Table 4. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of CDF in 12-15 years old children in Shenzhen City (n=5 509)
自变量 选项 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) 性别 女 0.75 0.06 140.60 0.00 2.11(1.86~2.38) 每天刷牙次数 1 0.18 0.06 7.98 0.01 1.20(1.06~1.36) < 1 0.37 0.21 3.24 0.07 1.45(0.97~2.16) 看牙经历 无 0.23 0.07 11.81 0.00 1.26(1.10~1.44) 口腔知识评分 0~2 0.32 0.10 9.53 0.00 1.37(1.12~1.68) 3~5 0.15 0.07 4.91 0.03 1.16(1.02~1.32) 口腔态度评分 0~2 0.30 0.12 6.50 0.01 1.34(1.07~1.69) 口腔健康水平 较好 0.11 0.13 0.68 0.41 1.11(0.86~1.43) 一般 0.27 0.13 4.07 0.04 1.30(1.01~1.69) 较差 0.60 0.16 14.37 0.00 1.82(1.33~2.47) 很差 0.86 0.25 11.58 0.00 2.36(1.44~3.87) 全身健康水平 较好 0.24 0.09 8.04 0.01 1.28(1.08~1.51) 一般 0.29 0.10 8.42 0.00 1.34(1.10~1.63) 较差 0.52 0.17 8.86 0.00 1.68(1.19~2.36) 很差 0.82 0.39 4.51 0.03 2.26(1.07~4.81) 注:性别以男生为参照,刷牙频次以≥2次/d为参照,看牙经历以有为参照,口腔知识评分以6~8分为参照,口腔态度评分以3~4分为参照,口腔健康水平、全身健康水平均以很好为参照。 -
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