大肌肉运动干预对孤独症儿童运动和社交能力的影响及其相关性

刘荣盛; 詹晓梅; 黎霞芳; 戴磊; 张思静; 洪佳彧; 陈琳艳

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.03.010

大肌肉运动干预对孤独症儿童运动和社交能力的影响及其相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.03.010

江西师范大学体育学院，南昌 330022

基金项目:

教育部人文社会科学规划项目 20YJA890033

江西省社会科学规划项目 19TY04

江西省教育厅研究生创新基金项目 YC2019-S151

详细信息

作者简介:
刘荣盛(1995-)，男，江西赣州人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为运动与健康促进

通讯作者:
詹晓梅，E-mail：1126030174@qq.com

中图分类号: G 806 R 748
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-18
- 修回日期: 2020-11-23
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-25

Effects and correlation of gross motor intervention on movement and social skills of autistic children

P.E. College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang(330022), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究大肌肉运动干预对孤独症儿童运动及社交能力的影响，并分析运动与社交能力间的相关性，为孤独症儿童社交能力的康复干预提供新思路。方法通过微信公众号在南昌市招募23名确诊孤独症儿童，随机分为实验组(13名)和对照组(10名)，实验组进行6周的大肌肉运动干预，对照组保持原有生活状态，通过大肌肉动作发展测试第3版(TGMD-3)量表检测运动能力的变化，社交反应量表(SRS)、孤独症儿童社会技能评定量表(ASSS)检测社交能力的变化，并分析运动与社交能力的相互关系。结果干预前实验组TGMD-3得分为(34.31±19.79)分，干预后为(59.77±13.92)分，差异有统计学意义(t=-15.28，P < 0.01)。干预前实验组SRS与ASSS得分分别为(96.77±15.79，97.31±29.22)分，干预后分别为(82.92±15.86，117.62±24.93)分，差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.55，-5.61，P值均 < 0.01)。干预后对照组TGMD-3、SRS与ASSS得分较干预前差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。大肌肉运动能力和物体操控能力与SRS总分、ASSS总分相关均有统计学意义(r_SRS值分别为-0.49，-0.45；r_ASSS值分别为0.54，0.51，P值均 < 0.05)。结论大肌肉运动干预能够提高孤独症儿童的运动能力和社交能力，孤独症儿童运动能力与社交能力之间具有正相关。
- 运动活动 /
- 人际关系 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 健康促进 /
- 孤独性障碍 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To explore the effects and correlation of gross motor intervention on social skills of autistic children. To provide new ideas for rehabilitation intervention of autistic children's social ability. Methods Recruiting 23 autistic children through WeChat in Nanchang, randomly divided into experimental groups (n=13) and control group (n=10). The experimental group underwent 6 weeks of large muscle exercise intervention, in the control group, Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD3), Social Responsiveness Scale(SRS) and the Autism Social Skills Scale (ASSS) examined changes in social skills, and analyze the relationship between sports and social ability. Results TGMD-3 score in the intervention group before intervention was (34.31±9.79) and increased significantly after intervention (59.77±13.92)(t=-15.28, P < 0.01). There was no statistical significance before and after experiment in the control group (P>0.05). The scores of SRS and ASSS in the experimental group were (96.77±15.79, 97.31±29.22) before the intervention, and (82.92±15.86, 117.62±24.93) after the intervention, and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.55, -5.61, P < 0.01). The difference between the SRS and ASSS scores of the control group before and after experiment was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Both the TGMD-3 score and the object manipulation score were related to the SRS total score (r=-0.49, -0.45) and ASSS total score(r=0.54, 0.51)(P < 0.05). Conclusion Gross motor intervention can improve the motor and social skills of children with autism, and there is a positive correlation between motor ability and social skills in children with autism.
- Motor activity /
- Interpersonal relations /
- Intervention studies /
- Health promotion /
- Autistic disorder /
- Child

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表 1 两组孤独症儿童干预前后大肌肉运动能力及各项目得分比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of gross motor ability and scores of various items between the two groups of autistic children before and after intervention (x±s)

组别	干预前后	统计值	移动技能	跑步	马步跑	单脚跳	跑跳步	立定跳	侧滑步	物体操控技能
实验组	干预前		15.07±5.57	3.15±1.28	3.46±1.20	2.46±1.56	1.54±1.39	2.15±1.34	2.30±1.97	19.23±5.16
(n=13)	干预后		28.69±7.26	6.00±1.73	6.15±1.52	4.54±2.15	2.69±1.75	4.00±1.78	5.31±1.49	31.08±8.28
		t值	-8.23	-6.52	-6.76	-4.01	-3.09	-4.55	-3.91	-9.07
		P值	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
对照组	干预前		15.70±4.19	3.40±1.43	3.20±1.48	2.80±1.55	1.60±1.26	2.30±1.42	2.40±1.42	18.80±4.39
(n=10)	干预后		16.20±4.26	3.60±1.35	3.50±1.26	2.70±1.42	1.70±1.16	2.70±1.34	2.30±1.57	20.00±4.01
		t值	-0.81	-0.69	-1.41	0.43	-0.32	-1.18	0.56	-1.43
		P值	0.44	0.51	0.19	0.68	0.76	0.27	0.59	0.19

组别	干预前后	统计值	击固定球	击抛落球	单手拍球	双手接球	原地踢球	上手投球	下手抛球	大肌肉运动能力总分
实验组	干预前		3.46±1.56	1.38±1.33	4.00±1.22	3.54±1.13	3.54±1.76	1.92±1.04	1.46±1.85	34.31±9.79
(n=13)	干预后		4.77±2.24	4.15±1.82	5.08±0.95	4.31±1.25	4.92±1.26	3.92±1.71	4.00±2.16	59.77±13.92
		t值	-2.94	-5.59	-4.07	-2.99	-3.10	-3.95	-4.52	-15.28
		P值	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
对照组	干预前		3.40±1.58	1.40±1.07	3.80±1.03	3.30±1.34	3.20±1.81	2.20±1.32	1.50±1.27	34.50±5.97
(n=10)	干预后		3.30±1.42	1.60±1.35	4.20±1.14	3.50±1.58	3.30±1.34	2.30±1.16	1.70±1.40	36.50±6.43
		t值	0.43	-0.69	-1.81	-0.61	-0.32	-0.36	-1.41	-1.58
		P值	0.68	0.51	0.11	0.55	0.76	0.73	0.19	0.15

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表 2 两组孤独症儿童干预前后社交反应量表得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of Social Responsiveness Scale between the two groups of children with autism before and after intervention (x±s)

组别	干预前后	统计值	社交知觉	社交认知	社交沟通	社交动机	孤独症行为	总分
实验组	干预前		11.46±3.36	19.46±3.10	34.46±8.14	15.08±2.93	16.31±5.42	96.77±15.79
(n=13)	干预后		9.92±2.10	17.08±4.33	29.38±7.29	13.62±3.01	12.92±4.80	82.92±15.86
		t值	1.68	2.44	3.22	1.50	2.30	4.55
		P值	0.12	0.03	0.00	0.16	0.04	0.00
对照组	干预前		11.70±2.87	17.30±3.95	34.90±7.84	14.20±2.62	16.30±3.27	94.40±0.72
(n=10)	干预后		11.80±2.44	16.20±3.16	34.70±7.30	14.50±2.88	15.60±3.66	92.80±0.99
		t值	-0.12	0.58	0.21	-0.39	0.70	1.43
		P值	0.90	0.57	0.84	0.70	0.50	0.19

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表 3 两组孤独症儿童干预前后社会技能评定量表得分比较(x±s)

Table 3. Comparison of scores of Autism Social Skills Scale before and after intervention in two groups of autistic children (x±s)

组别	干预前后	统计值	社会趋向	社会认知	社会参与	自我调控	社会性沟通	总分
实验组	干预前		20.69±5.39	23.62±9.08	19.84±6.23	17.00±7.96	16.46±8.80	97.31±29.22
(n=13)	干预后		23.85±5.94	27.54±6.21	21.62±5.44	22.15±6.77	22.46±7.87	117.62±24.93
		t值	-3.36	-2.55	-1.89	-3.63	-3.16	-5.61
		P值	0.00	0.02	0.08	0.00	0.00	0.00
对照组	干预前		20.90±3.48	23.70±8.39	21.90±7.17	20.00±6.86	22.10±5.49	108.60±23.81
(n=10)	干预后		20.60±4.12	22.80±8.44	23.30±6.91	20.90±8.14	21.20±4.64	108.80±24.13
		t值	0.34	1.22	-1.31	-1.37	1.49	-1.30
		P值	0.74	0.25	0.22	0.20	0.17	0.89

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表 4 孤独症儿童大肌肉运动能力与社交反应量表得分相关性分析(n=23，r值)

Table 4. Correlation analysis of gross motor ability and SRS scores in children with autism (n=23, r)

变量	总分	社交知觉	社交认知	社交沟通	社交动机	孤独症行为
大肌肉运动能力	-0.49^*	0.10	-0.37	-0.51^*	-0.16	-0.27
移动技能	-0.38	0.15	-0.41	-0.37	-0.06	-0.25
物体操控技能	-0.45^*	0.12	-0.22	-0.49^*	-0.21	-0.21
注：*P < 0.05。

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表 5 孤独症儿童大肌肉运动能力与孤独症儿童社会技能评定量表得分相关性分析(n=23，r值)

Table 5. Correlation analysis of gross motor ability and ASSS scores in autistic children(n=23, r)

变量	总分	社会趋向	社会认知	社会参与	自我调控	社会性沟通
大肌肉运动能力	0.54^**	0.32	0.41	0.39	0.38	0.54^**
移动技能	0.41	0.15	0.38	0.25	0.26	0.46^*
物体操控技能	0.51^*	0.40	0.31	0.42^*	0.39	0.44^*
注：P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。

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