中国2012—2017年农村学生营养改善计划地区学生缺勤状况

许娟; 徐培培; 杨媞媞; 李荔; 甘倩; 曹薇; 潘慧; 胡小琪; 张倩

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.03.008

中国2012—2017年农村学生营养改善计划地区学生缺勤状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.03.008

中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所/国家卫生健康委微量元素与营养重点实验室，北京 100050

详细信息

作者简介:
许娟(1973-)，女，安徽肥西人，博士，研究员，主要研究方向为儿童营养与健康

通讯作者:
张倩，E-mail：Zhangqian@ninh.chinacdc.cn

中图分类号: R153.2 R179 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-03
- 修回日期: 2021-02-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-25

Analysis school absenteeism in Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students area from 2012-2017

National Institute for Nurtrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing(100050), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析中国中西部贫困农村学生缺勤状况变化，为进一步改善农村学生营养健康水平提供基础数据。方法在中国中西部22个省699个“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”国家试点县中，在每个县按照供餐模式分层后随即抽取10%~30%的小学和初中作为监测学校，收集2012—2017年的每年3—6和9—12月学生出勤信息。结果 2012—2017年监测学校的学生总缺勤率为26.0/万，2012—2016年由30.8/万逐年下降至23.4/万，2017年又增高到28.2/万。西部地区学生缺勤率(29.4/万)高于中部地区(21.5/万)，小学生病假缺勤率(15.0/万)高于初中生(13.4/万)，初中生事假缺勤率(16.9/万)高于小学生(9.9/万)；混合供餐学校学生缺勤率(28.5/万)高于食堂供餐学校的学生(26.4/万)，后者又高于企业供餐者(25.0/万)。病假缺勤率以12月为最高(18.4/万)，事假缺勤率以6月为最高(14.6/万)。结论 “农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”实施地区学生缺勤率总体呈逐年下降趋势，不同地区、学段、供餐模式及学校属地的学生缺勤率不同。
- 营养政策 /
- 缺勤 /
- 农村人口 /
- 贫困区 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the changes of school absenteeism among students received Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Student (NIPCES), and to provide basic data for further nutritional health improvement for rural students. Methods Among 699 NIPCES monitored counties among 22 provinces across western and central China, 10%-30% of elementary and junior high schools were randomly selected as monitoring schools within each stratification according to the food supply pattern (school canteen, company and mix) in each county, school absenteeism information were collected and analyzed from 2012 to 2017. Results The total rate of student absenteeism was 26.0 per 10 000. From 2012 to 2016, it dropped from 30.8 per 10 000 to 23.4 per 10 000 year by year, but it increased again in 2017(28.2 per 10 000). The rate of school absenteeism in the western region (29.4 per 10 000) was higher than that in the central region (21.5 per 10 000); The sick leave rate (15.0 per 10 000) of primary school students was higher than that of junior high school students (13.4 per 10 000), and the rate of personal leave absences (16.9 per 10 000) of junior high school students was higher than that of elementary school students(9.9 per 10 000); the absentees rate in mixed-food supply schools (28.5 per 10 000) was higher than that in canteen food supply schools(26.4 per 10 000), the latter was higher than that of company food supply schools(25.0 per 10 000). The rate of sick leave absenteeism was highest in December(18.4 per 10 000), and the rate of personal leave absenteeism in June was highest(14.6 per 10 000). Conclusion The rate of school absenteeism among students in the NIPCES area showed an overall downward trend year by year. The absentee rate of students varies by regions, grade, food supply patterns and school locations.
- Nutrition policy /
- Absenteeism /
- Rural population /
- Poverty areas /
- Students

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表 1 监测地区2012—2017年调查学校特征

Table 1. Characteristics of surveyed schools in monitored area from 2012 to 2017

组别	选项	2012(n=8 203)	2013(n=12 952)	2014(n=11 663)	2015(n=10 609)	2016(n=7 149)	2017(n=7 558)
地区	中部	3 830(46.7)	5 853(45.2)	5 244(45.0)	4 595(43.3)	2 754(39.1)	2 832(37.5)
	西部	4 373(53.3)	7 099(54.8)	6 419(55.0)	6 014(56.7)	4 284(60.9)	4 726(62.5)
学段	小学	6 535(79.7)	10 344(79.9)	9 273(79.5)	8 392(79.1)	5 349(76.0)	5 687(75.2)
	初中	1 668(20.3)	2 608(20.1)	2 390(20.5)	2 217(20.9)	1 689(24.0)	1 871(24.8)
所属地	村	4 864(59.3)	7 217(55.7)	6 336(54.3)	5 484(51.7)	3 008(42.7)	3 143(41.6)
	乡镇	3 244(39.5)	5 542(42.8)	5 147(44.1)	4 922(46.4)	3 839(54.6)	4 224(55.9)
	县城	95(1.2)	193(1.5)	180(1.6)	203(1.9)	191(2.7)	191(2.5)
供餐类型	食堂	4 854(59.2)	7 845(60.6)	7 311(62.7)	6 932(65.3)	5 110(72.6)	5 615(74.3)
	企业	3 096(37.7)	4 729(36.5)	4 020(34.5)	3 350(31.6)	1 636(23.3)	1 613(21.3)
	混合	253(3.1)	378(2.9)	332(2.8)	327(3.1)	292(4.1)	330(4.4)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 监测地区2012—2017年中小学生缺勤率比较/10^-4

Table 2. Absences of primary and secondary school students in monitored area from 2012 to 2017/10^-4

年度	学校数	事假缺勤率	病假缺勤率				缺勤率	χ²值	P值
年度	学校数	事假缺勤率	消化系统疾病	呼吸系统疾病	其他疾病	合计	缺勤率	χ²值	P值
2012	8 203	13.8	2.6	8.1	6.3	17.0	30.8	—	—
2013	12 952	12.1	2.3	6.1	5.4	13.8	25.9	3 350.52	< 0.05
2014	11 663	11.6	2.4	5.9	5.7	13.9	25.5	3 501.44	< 0.05
2015	10 609	10.9	2.1	4.9	6.5	13.5	24.4	3 257.27	< 0.05
2016	7 149	9.1	2.5	5.7	6.0	14.3	23.4	554.25	< 0.05
2017	7 558	9.9	2.8	8.1	7.3	18.3	28.2	6.52	>0.05
合计	58 134	11.4	2.4	6.2	6.0	14.6	26.0
注：各年度χ²值、P值均为与2012年缺勤率比较结果。

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表 3 不同组别学生2012—2017年缺勤率比较/10^-4

Table 3. Absences of students among different groups from 2012 to 2017/10^-4

组别	选项	事假缺勤率	病假缺勤率				缺勤率	Z/χ²值	P值
组别	选项	事假缺勤率	消化系统疾病	呼吸系统疾病	其他疾病	合计	缺勤率	Z/χ²值	P值
地区	中部	11.1	2.2	4.6	3.6	10.4	21.5	265.13	< 0.05
	西部	11.6	2.5	7.4	7.8	17.8	29.4
所属地	农村	11.6	2.6	6.5	6.1	15.3	26.9	70 103.17	< 0.01
	乡镇	11.1	2.1	5.9	5.9	13.9	25.0
	县城	12.1	2.5	5.9	5.7	14.1	26.2
学段	小学	9.9	2.5	6.5	6.0	15.0	24.9	201.02	< 0.01
	初中	16.9	2.2	5.3	5.9	13.4	30.3
供餐方式	食堂	11.4	2.4	6.2	6.5	15.0	26.4	30 071.15	< 0.01
	企业	11.7	2.5	5.9	4.9	13.3	25.0
	混合	9.2	2.5	9.4	7.4	19.3	28.5
月份	3	12.0	2.2	5.9	5.4	13.5	25.5	4 860.19	< 0.01
	4	11.4	2.2	5.9	5.6	13.6	25.0
	5	12.1	2.4	5.6	5.8	13.8	25.9
	6	14.6	2.4	5.1	6.0	13.5	28.1
	9	11.0	2.3	4.7	5.1	12.1	23.1
	10	10.8	2.4	5.7	5.9	14.0	24.8
	11	11.0	2.5	6.8	6.3	15.6	26.6
	12	11.2	2.6	8.7	7.1	18.4	29.6
注： χ²值和P值为缺勤率比较。

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