中国2012—2017年农村营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓状况

曹薇; 杨媞媞; 徐培培; 李荔; 甘倩; 潘慧; 许娟; 胡小琪; 张倩

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.03.007

中国2012—2017年农村营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.03.007

中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所/国家卫生健康委微量元素与营养重点实验室，北京 100050

基金项目: 国家财政项目

详细信息

作者简介:
曹薇(1988-)，女，安徽省人，硕士，研究实习员，主要研究方向为学生营养与健康

通讯作者:
张倩，E-mail: zhangqian7208@163.com

中图分类号: R151 R153.2 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-04
- 修回日期: 2021-01-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-25

Prevalence of stunting among students under the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students during 2012-2017

National Institute for Nurtrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing(100050), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析2012—2017年中国中西部贫困农村营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓状况，为促进中国贫困农村儿童的营养健康提供基础数据。方法利用2012—2017年连续6年农村义务教育学生营养改善计划监测评估中6~15岁学生的身高数据，按照《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》(WS/T 456—2014)筛选生长迟缓，比较中西部、男女生、不同年龄段学生的生长迟缓检出率及其变迁。结果 2012—2017年，监测地区6~15岁学生的生长迟缓检出率各年份分别为8.0%，7.9%，6.9%，6.5%，6.0%和5.3%，5年间下降了2.7百分点，中部地区下降了1.8百分点，西部地区下降了4.0百分点；男生生长迟缓检出率共下降了2.7百分点，女生下降了2.9百分点；13岁下降幅度最高，为4.0百分点。结论 2012—2017年农村学生营养改善计划地区6~15岁学生生长迟缓检出率呈逐年下降趋势，但总体仍较高，且存在一定的地区差异, 需要制定更有针对性的营养改善策略。
- 营养政策 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 学生 /
- 农村人口 /
- 贫困区
Abstract: Objective To analyze the prevalence of stunting among students received subsidies of the National Nutrition Improvement Program for rural Compulsory Education Students (NNIPRCES) during 2012-2017. Methods By using the data from 2012-2017 NNIPRCES survey, students aged 6-15 with valid height records were included. Stunting was defined according to the Screening Criteria of Malnutrition for School Age Children and Adolescents (WS/T 456—2014). To explore the association of the risk of stunting between different regions, gender or age groups in rural students. Results The prevalence of stunting among students aged 6-15 who received subsidies of NNIPRCES during 2012-2017 were 8.0%, 7.9%, 6.9%, 6.5%, 6.0% and 5.3%, declined by 2.7, 1.8, 4.0 percentage points in average, as well as in central and western region, respectively. The prevalence of stunting declined with 2.7 percentage points for boys and, 2.9 percentage points for girls. The prevalence of stunting declined most at the age of 13, with 4.0 percentage points. Conclusion The prevalence of stunting of students has declined after the implementation of NNIPRCES from 2012 to 2017. However, the total prevalence of stunting was still high and the development was unbalanced between central and western region, which requires more target intervening strategies to improve the nutritional status of students.
- Nutrition policy /
- Growth and development /
- Students /
- Rural population /
- Poverty areas

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图 1 中国2012—2017年营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓检出率年均变化值

Figure 1. Change of growth retardation prevalence of students in China Nutrition Improvement Program area during 2012-2017

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表 1 中国2012—2017年营养改善计划地区调查学生一般情况分布

Table 1. Distribution of students in China Nutrition Improvement Program area during 2012-2017

变量	选项	2012年	2013年	2014年	2015年	2016年	2017年
性别	男	849 185	946 297	1 170 546	1 029 012	753 014	746 920
	女	786 453	866 926	1 070 708	941 554	695 362	690 606
区域	中部	729 905	799 565	803 915	794 157	506 279	525 295
	西部	905 733	1 013 658	1 437 339	1 176 409	942 097	912 231
年龄/岁	6	155 664	173 852	211 959	183 388	126 850	122 715
	7	205 801	242 664	293 930	261 614	195 169	183 293
	8	220 681	238 694	304 197	262 386	199 166	197 127
	9	212 041	246 275	288 217	264 085	193 499	195 129
	10	212 047	232 307	298 676	248 657	193 484	187 074
	11	207 415	217 223	270 001	245 303	174 031	180 966
	12	162 455	175 790	210 126	178 548	137 395	129 952
	13	110 569	126 806	160 382	136 537	96 878	104 798
	14	94 030	96 408	130 558	119 417	82 595	86 544
	15	54 935	63 204	73 208	70 631	49 309	49 928
合计		1 635 638	1 813 223	2 241 254	1 970 566	1 448 376	1 437 526

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表 2 中国2012—2017年营养改善计划地区6~15岁学生生长迟缓检出率/%

Table 2. Prevalence of growth retardation of students in China Nutrition Improvement Program area during 2012-2017/%

地区	年龄/岁	2012年			2013年			2014年			2015年			2016年			2017年
地区	年龄/岁	男生	女生	小计	男生	女生	小计	男生	女生	小计	男生	女生	小计	男生	女生	小计	男生	女生	小计
中部	6	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.8	5.3	5.5	4.5	4.0	4.3	3.1	2.7	2.9	2.9	2.6	2.8	3.1	2.9	3.0
	7	5.3	5.0	5.1	5.7	5.3	5.5	4.6	4.3	4.5	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.2	2.8	3.0
	8	4.9	4.8	4.9	5.1	4.8	5.0	4.7	4.1	4.4	3.9	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.1	2.8	3.0
	9	5.7	4.9	5.3	6.1	5.1	5.7	5.6	4.3	5.0	4.6	3.4	4.0	4.5	3.2	3.8	4.5	3.1	3.8
	10	5.9	4.4	5.2	6.1	4.4	5.3	5.6	4.1	4.9	4.7	3.2	4.0	3.9	2.8	3.4	4.1	2.8	3.5
	11	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.1	5.3	5.2	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.5	4.2	4.4	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.4
	12	5.0	5.3	5.1	4.9	5.3	5.1	4.3	4.7	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.1	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.1	2.9	3.0
	13	3.6	4.8	4.2	3.7	5.5	4.6	3.2	4.3	3.8	2.7	3.8	3.2	2.2	2.9	2.5	1.9	2.5	2.2
	14	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.1	2.7	2.4	1.9	2.1	2.0
	15	7.7	4.5	6.1	8.1	4.8	6.5	8.0	4.5	6.4	8.6	4.1	6.5	7.6	4.3	6.1	7.6	4.0	6.0
	小计	5.2	4.9	5.0	5.4	5.0	5.2	4.8	4.3	4.5	4.0	3.4	3.8	3.6	3.1	3.3	3.4	2.9	3.2
西部	6	7.3	6.7	7.0	6.8	5.6	6.2	5.7	4.9	5.3	5.7	4.9	5.3	5.0	4.2	4.6	4.4	3.8	4.1
	7	8.8	7.8	8.3	8.4	7.0	7.7	7.0	5.9	6.5	7.2	6.0	6.6	6.2	5.1	5.7	5.5	4.7	5.1
	8	9.9	8.7	9.3	9.6	8.3	9.0	8.1	6.8	7.5	8.1	6.6	7.4	7.2	6.0	6.6	6.6	5.3	6.0
	9	12.2	9.9	11.1	11.9	9.1	10.5	10.6	7.6	9.1	10.4	7.5	9.0	9.2	6.7	8.0	8.7	6.2	7.5
	10	13.2	9.4	11.3	12.3	8.5	10.5	10.5	6.8	8.7	10.8	7.2	9.1	9.9	6.2	8.1	8.5	5.3	7.0
	11	11.5	10.7	11.1	11.2	10.3	10.8	8.9	8.0	8.5	9.1	8.4	8.8	8.2	7.4	7.8	7.3	6.3	6.8
	12	12.2	12.0	12.1	11.6	11.2	11.4	9.5	9.0	9.3	9.6	9.1	9.4	8.4	7.7	8.1	7.4	6.6	7.0
	13	11.2	13.4	12.3	11.5	13.5	12.5	8.4	9.9	9.1	9.0	10.2	9.5	7.2	8.5	7.8	5.7	6.6	6.2
	14	9.9	10.3	10.1	10.3	10.0	10.2	8.4	8.2	8.3	8.6	7.9	8.3	8.1	7.4	7.7	5.2	5.7	5.5
	15	16.8	10.9	13.9	16.4	10.8	13.7	15.7	9.1	12.6	18.1	10.2	14.3	15.9	9.2	12.7	14.1	8.6	11.4
	小计	11.1	9.8	10.5	10.8	9.2	10.0	9.0	7.4	8.2	9.2	7.5	8.4	8.1	6.6	7.4	7.1	5.7	6.5
总体	6	6.4	6.1	6.2	6.2	5.4	5.9	5.1	4.5	4.8	4.5	3.9	4.2	4.2	3.6	3.9	3.9	3.4	3.7
	7	7.1	6.5	6.8	7.1	6.2	6.7	6.1	5.3	5.7	5.6	4.8	5.2	5.1	4.3	4.7	4.7	4.0	4.4
	8	7.6	6.9	7.3	7.6	6.7	7.2	6.9	5.8	6.4	6.4	5.3	5.8	5.9	5.0	5.5	5.3	4.4	4.9
	9	9.3	7.7	8.6	9.3	7.4	8.4	8.8	6.4	7.6	8.1	5.8	7.0	7.5	5.4	6.5	7.1	5.0	6.1
	10	10.0	7.2	8.7	9.7	6.8	8.3	8.8	5.9	7.4	8.3	5.6	7.1	7.8	5.0	6.4	6.9	4.4	5.7
	11	8.8	8.4	8.6	8.8	8.3	8.5	7.5	7.0	7.3	7.3	6.9	7.1	6.6	6.0	6.3	5.9	5.3	5.6
	12	9.3	9.2	9.3	9.0	8.8	8.9	7.8	7.6	7.7	7.6	7.3	7.4	6.9	6.3	6.6	5.9	5.3	5.6
	13	7.9	9.6	8.7	8.2	10.1	9.1	6.5	7.9	7.2	6.4	7.6	7.0	5.6	6.7	6.1	4.3	5.1	4.7
	14	7.0	7.3	7.1	7.4	7.3	7.4	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.3	6.0	6.2	6.1	5.9	6.0	4.1	4.5	4.3
	15	13.1	8.2	10.7	13.2	8.5	11.0	13.4	7.7	10.7	14.8	8.2	11.7	13.6	7.9	10.9	12.2	7.3	9.9
	合计	8.5	7.6	8.0	8.4	7.3	7.9	7.5	6.3	6.9	7.1	5.9	6.5	6.5	5.3	6.0	5.8	4.7	5.3

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