Temporal trend in energy and macronutrients for pilot schools involved in the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2012-2017
-
摘要:
目的 了解“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”(以下简称“营养改善计划”)试点地区学校食堂食物供应中能量与宏量营养素供应变化趋势，为推进中西部贫困农村学校合理供餐、促进儿童健康成长提供基础数据。 方法 从2012—2017年，对中西部22省699个国家试点县，按照不同的供餐模式抽取10%的学校进行监测，计算学校每人每天能量和碳水化合物供应量、蛋白质和脂肪供能比，并与《学生营养餐指南》(WS/T 554—2017)进行比较。 结果 “营养改善计划”地区试点学校供餐的能量和蛋白质每日供应量呈上升趋势，能量从2012年的1 566.5 kcal(1 kcal=4.18 kJ)增加到2017年的1 927.4 kcal，蛋白质从49.0 g增加到61.0 g；脂肪供能比从31.9%上升为34.9%，碳水化合物供能比逐步下降(F值分别为83.38，128.36，20.27，17.28，P值均 < 0.05)。2017年能量供应量达标率为17.5%，蛋白质供应量达标率为26.8%。 结论 “营养改善计划”地区能量和宏量营养素供应仍不合理。应采取措施进一步加强中西部贫困农村食堂食物供应的膳食指导，为改善贫困农村儿童的营养健康状况提供良好保障。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate temporal trend in food supply among pilot schools involved in the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NNIPRCES). Methods Ten percent of pilot schools were randomly selected and asked to report the information on food supplies. Daily intake of energy, carbohydrates and protein for each student were calculated and compared with the reference value in Nutrition Guidelines of School Meals (WS/T 554-2017). Results Energy and protein supply increased among those pilot schools. The supply of energy increased from 1 566.5 kcal in 2012 to 1 927.4 kcal in 2017, protein increased from 49.0 g to 61.0 g. The energy ratio of fat increased from 31.9% to 34.9%, while energy ratio of carbohydrate decreased significantly (F=83.38, 128.36, 20.27 and 17.28, all P < 0.05). The proportion of reasonable energy supply from carbohydrate and fat in 2017 were 17.5% and 26.8%, respectively. Conclusion The supply of energy and macronutrients in the pilot areas were unreasonable, more measures including dietary guide and monitoring need to be adopted to improve students' nutrition status among rural areas. -
Key words:
- Nutrition policy /
- Food supply /
- Nutrition status /
- Diet surveys /
- Rural population /
- Poverty areas /
- Students
-
表 1 营养改善计划地区2012—2017年学校供餐每天能量供应量/(M，kcal)
Table 1. Enegy supply for pilot schools during 2012-2017/(M, kcal)
年份 地区 学段 合计 中部 西部 小学 初中 2012 1 504.0 1 583.9 1 639.6 1 270.5 1 566.5 2013 1 912.0 1 667.5 1 777.4 1 526.2 1 723.5 2014 1 963.7 1 743.7 1 864.2 1 606.6 1 808.1 2015 2 011.9 1 741.7 1 870.5 1 578.3 1 809.9 2016 2 024.0 1 835.7 1 967.5 1 640.7 1 883.8 2017 2 071.3 1 887.2 2 000.4 1 727.9 1 927.4 注： 1 kcal=4.18 kJ。 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 营养改善计划地区2012—2017年学校供餐每日蛋白质供应量/(M，g)
Table 2. Protein supply for pilot schools during 2012-2017/(M, g)
年份 地区 学段 合计 中部 西部 小学 初中 2012 47.7 49.4 51.7 38.7 49.0 2013 56.6 52.5 55.4 46.2 53.7 2014 59.4 54.1 57.0 48.6 55.3 2015 60.7 55.0 58.5 48.7 56.6 2016 61.6 60.0 62.2 51.6 60.5 2017 65.9 59.5 63.9 53.3 61.0
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 营养改善计划地区2012—2017年学校供餐每日碳水化合物供能比/%
Table 3. Enegy ratio of carbohydrate for the supply of pilot schools during 2012-2017/%
年份 地区 学段 合计 中部 西部 小学 初中 2012 60.1 54.5 55.4 58.6 56.0 2013 59.4 55.0 55.8 57.4 56.3 2014 57.9 54.7 55.1 57.3 55.6 2015 57.5 53.3 54.0 55.6 54.3 2016 58.2 53.0 54.3 55.0 54.4 2017 56.0 51.8 52.7 54.1 53.0
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 营养改善计划地区2012—2017年学校供餐每日脂肪供能比/%
Table 4. Enegy ratio of fat for the supply of pilot schools during 2012-2017/%
年份 地区 学段 合计 中部 西部 小学 初中 2012 28.2 33.7 32.4 30.1 31.9 2013 28.8 33.2 32.1 30.9 31.9 2014 30.5 33.1 32.6 31.0 32.3 2015 30.8 34.9 34.1 33.0 33.8 2016 30.3 34.7 33.5 32.5 33.2 2017 31.8 36.2 35.2 34.0 34.9
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 营养改善计划地区2012—2017年学校供餐每日能量供应量达标率
Table 5. Proportion of schools met the reference value of enegy during 2012-2017
年份 地区 学段 合计 中部 西部 小学 初中 2012 180(13.3) 579(15.6) 628(15.9) 131(11.7) 759(15.0) 2013 204(16.1) 549(15.2) 601(15.8) 152(14.3) 753(15.4) 2014 248(15.4) 660(16.5) 735(16.6) 173(14.7) 908(16.2) 2015 344(18.2) 932(16.8) 1 007(17.5) 269(15.9) 1 276(17.2) 2016 274(21.1) 654(18.0) 735(19.5) 193(16.6) 928(18.8) 2017 209(16.5) 657(17.8) 660(17.5) 206(17.4) 866(17.5) 注： ()内数字为达标率/%。
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 营养改善计划地区2012—2017年学校供餐每日蛋白质供应量达标率
Table 6. Proportion of schools met the reference value of protein during 2012-2017
年份 地区 学段 合计 中部 西部 小学 初中 2012 366(27.0) 1074(28.9) 1 167(29.5) 273(24.4) 1 440(28.4) 2013 354(28.0) 1 120(31.0) 1 179(30.9) 295(27.7) 1 474(30.2) 2014 406(25.2) 1 324(33.2) 1 378(31.1) 352(29.9) 1 730(30.9) 2015 473(25.0) 1 655(29.9) 1 639(28.5) 489(28.9) 2 128(28.6) 2016 324(25.0) 1 037(28.6) 1 029(27.3) 332(28.6) 1 361(27.6) 2017 264(20.9) 1 065(28.8) 9 64(25.5) 365(30.8) 1 329(26.8) 注： ()内数字为达标率/%。
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 联合国粮食计划署, 中国疾病预防控制中心. 全球学校供餐状况[M]. 北京: 军事医学科学出版社, 2013.World Food Promgramme, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control. State of school feeding worldwide[M]. Beijing: Military Medical Science Press, 2013. [2] BARTFELD J S, LAWRENCE B, FEI M, et al. Access to the school breakfast program is associated with higher attendance and test scores among elementary school students[J]. J Nutr, 2009, 149(2): 336-343. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330832819_Access_to_the_School_Breakfast_Program_Is_Associated_with_Higher_Attendance_and_Test_Scores_among_Elementary_School_Students [3] HAINES J, HAYCRAFT E, LYTLE L, et al. Nurturing children's healthy eating : position statement[J]. Appetite, 2019, 137: 124-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.02.007. [4] 张倩, 王婷婷, 甘倩, 等. 学生营养改善计划地区2013年学校营养改善措施分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2016, 37(5): 654-657. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.05.005ZHANG Q, WANG T T, GAN Q, et al. Analysis of nutrition improvement measurement of nutrition improvement program for rural compulsory education students in 2013[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2016, 37(5): 654-657. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.05.005 [5] 甘倩, 张倩, 许娟, 等. 农村学生营养改善计划试点学校2016年食物供应情况[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(5): 24-27. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.05.006GAN Q, ZHANG Q, XU J, el al. Food supply in 2016 and its transition for pilot schools involved in the Nutrition Improvement Program for rural compulsory education students[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(5): 24-27. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.05.006 [6] 中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所. 中国食物成分表2009[M]. 北京: 北京大学医学出版社, 2009.Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, China CDC. China food composition 2009[M]. Beijing: Peking University Medical Press, 2009. [7] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 学生餐营养指南WS/T 554—2007[S]. 2018-02-01.National health and Family Planning Commission of the people's Republic of China. Nutrition guidelines of school meals WS/T 554-2017[S]. 2018-02-01. [8] 张倩, 胡小琪. 中国居民营养与健康状况监测报告[2010—2013]之十一: 中国6~17岁学龄儿童营养与健康状况[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2018: 38-40.ZHANG Q, HU X Q. Report on Chinese nutrition and health survey[2010-2013] series of 11: nutition and health condition for 6-17 school-age child[M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2018: 38-40. [9] 李荔, 张倩, 甘倩, 等. WS/T 554—2017《学生餐营养指南》标准解读[J]. 中国卫生标准管理, 2018, 9(9): 14-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSBZ201809003.htmLI l, ZHANG Q, GAN Q, et al. Interpretation for WS/T 554-2017 Nutrition Guidelines of School Meals[J]. China Health Stand Manag, 2018, 9(9): 14-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSBZ201809003.htm [10] 翟凤英, 王惠君, 王志宏, 等. 中国居民膳食营养状况的变迁及政策建议[J]. 中国食物与营养, 2006(5): 4-6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9577.2006.05.001ZHAI F Y, WANG H J, WANG Z H, et al. Policy Suggestions and changes of dietary nutrition status of Chinese residents[J]. Food Nutr China, 2006(5): 4-6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9577.2006.05.001 [11] 马云倩, 徐海泉, 郭燕枝. 中国居民食物消费结构变化及未来发展政策建议[J]. 中国食物与营养, 2016, 22(11): 46-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9577.2016.11.011MA Y Q, XU H Q, GUO Y Z. Changes in food consumption structure of Chinese residents and policy suggestions for future development[J]. Food Nutr China, 2016, 22(11): 46-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9577.2016.11.011 [12] 钟燕. 儿童青少年的躯体发育特征与营养需求[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2014, 22(11): 1124-1125. doi: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-11-02ZHONG Y. Physical development characteristics and nutritional needs of children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Child Health, 2014, 22(11): 1124-1125. doi: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2014-22-11-02 [13] HIRSCHMAN J, CHRIQUI J F. School food and nutrition policy, monitoring and evaluation in the USA[J]. Public Health Nutr, 2013, 16(6): 982-988. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012004144 [14] TUGAULT-LAFLEUR C N, BARR S I, BLACK J L. Examining differences in school hour and school day dietary quality among Canadian children between 2004 and 2015[J]. Public Health Nutr, 2019, 22(16): 3051-3062. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019000788 [15] LOCATELLI N T, CANELLA D S, BANDONI D H. Positive influence of school meals on food consumption in Brazil[J]. Nutrition, 2018, 9(53): 140-144. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29778951 [16] REGIST F. National school lunch program and school breakfast program: nutrition standards for all foods sold in school as required by the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010. Interim final rule[J]. Fed Regist, 2013, 78(125): 39067-39120. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/23833807 [17] 张倩, 李荔, 胡小琪. 以标准为基础推进学校营养配餐[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(5): 641-643. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.05.001ZHANG Q, LI L, HU X Q. Improving school meal based on nutrition standard[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(5): 641-643. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.05.001 -
点击查看大图
表(6)
计量
- 文章访问数: 641
- HTML全文浏览量: 354
- PDF下载量: 40
- 被引次数: 0
