Temporal trend in energy and macronutrients for pilot schools involved in the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2012-2017
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摘要:
目的 了解“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”(以下简称“营养改善计划”)试点地区学校食堂食物供应中能量与宏量营养素供应变化趋势，为推进中西部贫困农村学校合理供餐、促进儿童健康成长提供基础数据。 方法 从2012—2017年，对中西部22省699个国家试点县，按照不同的供餐模式抽取10%的学校进行监测，计算学校每人每天能量和碳水化合物供应量、蛋白质和脂肪供能比，并与《学生营养餐指南》(WS/T 554—2017)进行比较。 结果 “营养改善计划”地区试点学校供餐的能量和蛋白质每日供应量呈上升趋势，能量从2012年的1 566.5 kcal(1 kcal=4.18 kJ)增加到2017年的1 927.4 kcal，蛋白质从49.0 g增加到61.0 g；脂肪供能比从31.9%上升为34.9%，碳水化合物供能比逐步下降(F值分别为83.38，128.36，20.27，17.28，P值均 < 0.05)。2017年能量供应量达标率为17.5%，蛋白质供应量达标率为26.8%。 结论 “营养改善计划”地区能量和宏量营养素供应仍不合理。应采取措施进一步加强中西部贫困农村食堂食物供应的膳食指导，为改善贫困农村儿童的营养健康状况提供良好保障。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate temporal trend in food supply among pilot schools involved in the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NNIPRCES). Methods Ten percent of pilot schools were randomly selected and asked to report the information on food supplies. Daily intake of energy, carbohydrates and protein for each student were calculated and compared with the reference value in Nutrition Guidelines of School Meals (WS/T 554-2017). Results Energy and protein supply increased among those pilot schools. The supply of energy increased from 1 566.5 kcal in 2012 to 1 927.4 kcal in 2017, protein increased from 49.0 g to 61.0 g. The energy ratio of fat increased from 31.9% to 34.9%, while energy ratio of carbohydrate decreased significantly (F=83.38, 128.36, 20.27 and 17.28, all P < 0.05). The proportion of reasonable energy supply from carbohydrate and fat in 2017 were 17.5% and 26.8%, respectively. Conclusion The supply of energy and macronutrients in the pilot areas were unreasonable, more measures including dietary guide and monitoring need to be adopted to improve students' nutrition status among rural areas. -
Key words:
- Nutrition policy /
- Food supply /
- Nutrition status /
- Diet surveys /
- Rural population /
- Poverty areas /
- Students
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表 1 营养改善计划地区2012—2017年学校供餐每天能量供应量/(M，kcal)
Table 1. Enegy supply for pilot schools during 2012-2017/(M, kcal)
年份 地区 学段 合计 中部 西部 小学 初中 2012 1 504.0 1 583.9 1 639.6 1 270.5 1 566.5 2013 1 912.0 1 667.5 1 777.4 1 526.2 1 723.5 2014 1 963.7 1 743.7 1 864.2 1 606.6 1 808.1 2015 2 011.9 1 741.7 1 870.5 1 578.3 1 809.9 2016 2 024.0 1 835.7 1 967.5 1 640.7 1 883.8 2017 2 071.3 1 887.2 2 000.4 1 727.9 1 927.4 注： 1 kcal=4.18 kJ。 
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表 2 营养改善计划地区2012—2017年学校供餐每日蛋白质供应量/(M，g)
Table 2. Protein supply for pilot schools during 2012-2017/(M, g)
年份 地区 学段 合计 中部 西部 小学 初中 2012 47.7 49.4 51.7 38.7 49.0 2013 56.6 52.5 55.4 46.2 53.7 2014 59.4 54.1 57.0 48.6 55.3 2015 60.7 55.0 58.5 48.7 56.6 2016 61.6 60.0 62.2 51.6 60.5 2017 65.9 59.5 63.9 53.3 61.0
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表 3 营养改善计划地区2012—2017年学校供餐每日碳水化合物供能比/%
Table 3. Enegy ratio of carbohydrate for the supply of pilot schools during 2012-2017/%
年份 地区 学段 合计 中部 西部 小学 初中 2012 60.1 54.5 55.4 58.6 56.0 2013 59.4 55.0 55.8 57.4 56.3 2014 57.9 54.7 55.1 57.3 55.6 2015 57.5 53.3 54.0 55.6 54.3 2016 58.2 53.0 54.3 55.0 54.4 2017 56.0 51.8 52.7 54.1 53.0
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表 4 营养改善计划地区2012—2017年学校供餐每日脂肪供能比/%
Table 4. Enegy ratio of fat for the supply of pilot schools during 2012-2017/%
年份 地区 学段 合计 中部 西部 小学 初中 2012 28.2 33.7 32.4 30.1 31.9 2013 28.8 33.2 32.1 30.9 31.9 2014 30.5 33.1 32.6 31.0 32.3 2015 30.8 34.9 34.1 33.0 33.8 2016 30.3 34.7 33.5 32.5 33.2 2017 31.8 36.2 35.2 34.0 34.9
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表 5 营养改善计划地区2012—2017年学校供餐每日能量供应量达标率
Table 5. Proportion of schools met the reference value of enegy during 2012-2017
年份 地区 学段 合计 中部 西部 小学 初中 2012 180(13.3) 579(15.6) 628(15.9) 131(11.7) 759(15.0) 2013 204(16.1) 549(15.2) 601(15.8) 152(14.3) 753(15.4) 2014 248(15.4) 660(16.5) 735(16.6) 173(14.7) 908(16.2) 2015 344(18.2) 932(16.8) 1 007(17.5) 269(15.9) 1 276(17.2) 2016 274(21.1) 654(18.0) 735(19.5) 193(16.6) 928(18.8) 2017 209(16.5) 657(17.8) 660(17.5) 206(17.4) 866(17.5) 注： ()内数字为达标率/%。
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表 6 营养改善计划地区2012—2017年学校供餐每日蛋白质供应量达标率
Table 6. Proportion of schools met the reference value of protein during 2012-2017
年份 地区 学段 合计 中部 西部 小学 初中 2012 366(27.0) 1074(28.9) 1 167(29.5) 273(24.4) 1 440(28.4) 2013 354(28.0) 1 120(31.0) 1 179(30.9) 295(27.7) 1 474(30.2) 2014 406(25.2) 1 324(33.2) 1 378(31.1) 352(29.9) 1 730(30.9) 2015 473(25.0) 1 655(29.9) 1 639(28.5) 489(28.9) 2 128(28.6) 2016 324(25.0) 1 037(28.6) 1 029(27.3) 332(28.6) 1 361(27.6) 2017 264(20.9) 1 065(28.8) 9 64(25.5) 365(30.8) 1 329(26.8) 注： ()内数字为达标率/%。
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