成都市某农村学校营养相关指南健康教育干预效果评价

李荔; 冯敏; 毕小艺; 李晓辉; 杨博; 张倩

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.03.004

成都市某农村学校营养相关指南健康教育干预效果评价

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.03.004

李荔¹,
冯敏²,
毕小艺¹,
李晓辉²,
杨博³,
张倩^1, ,

1.
中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所/国家卫生健康委微量元素与营养重点实验室，北京 100050
2.
成都市疾病预防控制中心
3.
中国学生营养与健康促进会

基金项目:

中国营养学会-百胜餐饮健康基金项目 CNS-YUM2018A01

详细信息

作者简介:
李荔(1985-)，女，山东济南人，硕士，副研究员，主要研究方向为学生营养

通讯作者:
张倩，E-mail：zhangqian7208@163.com

中图分类号: R151 R153.2 G479
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-29
- 修回日期: 2021-01-30
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-25

Evaluation of the effect of health education interventions on nutrition-related guidelines in rural schools in Chengdu

LI Li¹,
FENG Min²,
BI Xiaoyi¹,
LI Xiaohui²,
YANG Bo³,
ZHANG Qian^{1
, ,}

1.
National Institute for Nurtrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing(100050), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨运用多种学龄儿童营养健康指南对小学学生知信行的干预效果，为指导学生合理膳食，改善不良饮食行为提供参考。方法选取成都市1所学校食堂供餐小学为干预校，另选条件相当的1所小学作为对照校。对干预校学生进行为期半年的营养宣教干预，对照校不提供干预措施。干预前后抽取三至五年级学生共589名进行问卷调查(终末调查558名，失访31名)。结果干预前，干预组和对照组大部分营养知识知晓率、总体知晓率达到80%以上的比例、饮食行为差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。干预后，干预组学生的营养知识知晓率以及总体知晓率达到80%以上的比例高于对照组(P值均 < 0.05)；干预组早餐食物种类1种以下的比例(26.6%)低于对照组(49.4%)，每周吃鸡蛋、喝牛奶的次数和吃蔬菜种类每天≥3种的比例均高于对照组(P值均 < 0.01)；干预组学生剩饭率(15.8%)低于对照组(57.9%)(χ²=99.47，P < 0.01)。结论综合运用多种学龄儿童营养健康指南进行营养宣教，能够提高学生的营养知识知晓率，改善不良饮食行为。
- 营养政策 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 健康知识, 态度, 实践 /
- 农村人口 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the intervention effect of multiple nutritional health guidelines for school-aged children on the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of primary school students in Chengdu. Methods A primary school in Chengdu, which had a school canteen, was selected as the intervention school, and another similar primary school was selected as the control school. Students from the intervention school received nutritional education for six months, while the control school did not provide such intervention measures. A total of 589 students from grades 3 to 5 were selected to participate in the questionnaire survey(eligible 558, missing 31). Results Before the intervention, no significant difference was found in the rate of awareness regarding nutritional knowledge, including dietary attitudes and dietary behavior. After the intervention, the rate of awareness of nutritional knowledge and the overall awareness rate reached more than 80% in the intervention group, which was significantly higher than that observed in the control group(P < 0.05). The intervention group consumed less than one type of breakfast food(26.6%), which was less than the control group(49.4%). The frequency of weekly egg and milk consumption was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The proportion of students who consumed three or more types of vegetables daily was higher in the intervention group than in the control group. The proportion of leftovers was lower in the intervention group (15.8%) than in the control group(57.9%). Conclusion The comprehensive nutritional education based on a variety of nutritional health guidelines for school-age children can enhance students' awareness of nutritional knowledge and healthier dietary behaviors.
- Nutrition policy /
- Intervention studies /
- Health knowledge, attitudes, practice /
- Rural population /
- Students

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表 1 营养知识知晓率干预前后干预组与对照组学生比较

Table 1. Nutrition knowledge of students before and after intervention

知识	基线				干预后
知识	对照组(n=278)	干预组(n=311)	χ²值	P值	对照组(n=269)	干预组(n=289)	χ²值	P值
《中国学龄儿童膳食指南》	100(36.0)	144(46.3)	6.46	0.01	99(36.8)	271(93.8)	202.40	< 0.01
如何预防缺铁性贫血	29(10.4)	38(12.2)	0.46	0.49	37(13.7)	242(83.7)^**	272.90	< 0.01
含蛋白质丰富的食物	143(51.4)	225(72.3)	27.40	< 0.01	149(55.4)	268(92.7)^**	102.90	< 0.01
营养充足的早餐	127(45.7)	152(48.9)	0.60	0.44	147(54.6)^*	219(75.8)^**	27.57	< 0.01
小学生每天的饮奶量	152(54.7)	218(70.1)	14.90	< 0.01	163(60.6)	265(91.7)^**	75.41	< 0.01
营养价值高的零食	49(17.6)	69(22.2)	1.90	0.17	50(18.6)	233(80.6)^**	214.50	< 0.01
小学生最健康的饮品	189(68.0)	218(70.1)	0.31	0.58	166(61.7)	278(96.2)^**	101.90	< 0.01
看电子设备的时间	255(91.7)	274(88.1)	2.11	0.15	244(90.7)	277(95.8)^**	5.95	< 0.05
中等强度身体活动时间	15(5.4)	11(3.5)	1.20	0.27	16(6.0)^*	3(1.0)^**	10.21	< 0.05
总体知晓率80%以上	4(1.5)	9(2.9)	2.42	0.12	3(1.1)	223(77.2)^**	330.60	< 0.01
注：与基线时组内比较，P < 0.05，*P < 0.01；()内数字为知晓率/%。

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表 2 饮食行为分布情况干预前后干预组与对照组学生比较

Table 2. Dietary behavior of students before and after intervention

行为	选项	基线				干预后
行为	选项	对照组(n=278)	干预组(n=311)	χ²/Z值	P值	对照组(n=269)	干预组(n=289)	χ²/Z值	P值
最近1周吃早餐情况/d	没吃过	1(0.4)	3(1.0)	4.42	0.35	2(0.7)	0	3.79	0.44
	1~2	8(2.9)	3(1.0)			4(1.5)	2(0.7)
	3~4	3(1.1)	4(1.3)			1(0.4)	2(0.7)
	5~6	3(1.1)	6(1.9)			7(2.6)	5(1.7)
	每天吃	263(94.6)	295(94.8)			255(94.8)	280(96.9)
早餐食物种类^#	≤1	116(41.7)	125(40.2)	2.81	0.42	133(49.4)	77(26.6)	35.64	< 0.01
	2	83(29.9)	79(25.4)			75(27.9)	140(48.4)
	3	58(20.9)	79(25.4)			52(19.3)	57(19.7)
	4	21(7.6)	28(9.0)			9(3.4)	15(5.2)
最近1周吃零食情况^*#	<3次	165(59.3)	169(54.3)	3.44	0.48	112(41.6)	141(48.8)	11.33	0.02
	4~6次	33(11.9)	47(15.1)			37(13.8)	28(9.7)
	每天1次	53(19.1)	70(22.5)			72(26.8)	74(25.6)
	每天2次	13(4.7)	10(3.2)			20(7.4)	32(11.1)
	每天≥3次	14(5.0)	15(4.8)			28(10.4)	14(4.8)
最近1周喝饮料情况^*	< 3次	174(62.6)	200(64.3)	3.36	0.50	150(55.8)	191(66.1)	7.47	0.11
	4~6次	35(12.6)	42(13.5)			21(7.8)	22(7.6)
	每天1次	52(18.7)	46(14.8)			70(26.0)	56(19.4)
	每天2次	10(3.6)	9(2.9)			15(5.6)	9(3.1)
	每天≥3次	7(2.5)	14(4.5)			13(4.8)	11(3.8)
最近1周吃鸡蛋^*	没吃过	26(9.4)	32(10.3)	2.39	0.49	38(14.1)	17(5.9)	18.92	< 0.01
	1~3个	106(38.1)	101(32.5)			116(43.1)	107(37.0)
	4~6个	48(17.3)	64(20.6)			36(13.4)	38(13.2)
	每天≥1个	98(35.3)	114(36.7)			79(29.4)	127(43.9)
最近1周喝牛奶及奶制品	没喝过	19(6.8)	18(5.8)	0.47	0.92	31(11.5)	9(3.1)	21.34	< 0.01
	1~3包	88(31.7)	96(30.9)			82(30.5)	99(34.3)
	4~6包	53(19.1)	58(18.7)			50(18.6)	36(12.5)
	每天≥1包	118(42.5)	139(44.7)			106(39.4)	145(50.2)
每天蔬菜种类^#	基本不吃	5(1.8)	12(3.9)	6.93	0.07	5(1.9)	5(1.7)	35.27	< 0.01
	1	54(19.4)	40(12.9)			44(16.4)	19(6.6)
	2	98(35.3)	108(34.7)			107(39.8)	74(25.6)
	≥3	121(43.5)	151(48.6)			113(42.0)	191(66.1)
注：*对照组干预前后比较P < 0.05，#干预组干预前后比较P < 0.05；()内数字为构成比/%。牛奶1包约为200 mL。

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