Disinfection quality of secondary and primary schools and kindergartens in Wuxi
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摘要:
目的 了解无锡市中学、小学和幼儿园的消毒质量现状，为查找存在的问题并提出改进建议提供参考。 方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法选取无锡市73所学校，对室内空气、物体表面、工作人员手、餐饮具、紫外线灯以及使用中消毒剂(染菌量和含氯消毒剂有效氯浓度)进行检测。 结果 共采集标本2 563份，合格率为88.02%，幼儿园、小学和中学的合格率分别为87.89%，90.67%，85.83%。锡山区和江阴市学校的合格率较低，分别为75.24%，75.89%。城区学校的合格率(89.51%)高于农村(83.44%)(χ2=16.57，P < 0.01)，公办(87.99%)和民办学校(88.17%)的合格率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01，P=0.92)。不同对象的合格率依次为使用中消毒剂的染菌量(100.00%)、空气(93.13%)、餐饮具(91.87%)、物体表面(89.40%)、紫外线灯(84.00%)、含氯消毒剂有效氯浓度(73.68%)、工作人员手(73.53%)。中学空气和物体表面的合格率均低于幼儿园和小学(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 无锡市中小学校和幼儿园的消毒质量情况总体较好。要重点关注工作人员手、含氯消毒剂有效氯浓度以及紫外线灯，加强中学环境中空气和物体表面的消毒质量。 Abstract:Objective To comprehensively understand the disinfection quality of secondary and primary schools and kindergartens in Wuxi, so as to find out problems and to provide advice for improvement. Methods Stratified random sampling method was applied in the investigation to select 73 schools and classes. The qualities of room air, surface of object, hand hygiene of staff, tableware, ultraviolet lamp and disinfectant in use (including bacterial contamination and concentration of chlorine-containing) were all tested. Results A total of 2 563 samples were collected with the total disinfection qualified rate 88.02%. The qualified rates of kindergarten, primary and secondary schools were 87.89%, 90.67% and 85.83% respectively. The rates of Xishan and Jiangyin districts were 75.24% and 75.89% respectively. The quality of urban schools was better than the rural(χ2=16.57, P < 0.01). There was no statistical significance between public and private schools (χ2=0.01, P=0.92). The rank of qualified rates of different objects was: bacterial contamination (100.00%) > room air (93.13%) > tableware (91.87%) > surface of object (89.40%) > ultraviolet lamp (84.00%) > concentration of chlorine-containing (73.68%) > hand hygiene of staff (73.53%). The quality of secondary schools was lower than kindergartens and primary schools in the aspects of room air and surface of object. Conclusion The disinfection quality of secondary and primary schools and kindergartens in Wuxi is good in general. More attention should be paid on hand hygiene, concentration of chlorine-containing and ultraviolet lamp. The qualities of room air and surface of object of secondary schools need to be improved. -
表 1 无锡市不同组别中小学校和幼儿园消毒合格率比较
Table 1. Disinfection quality among secondary and primary schools and kindergartens in Wuxi
组别 选项 采样数 合格数 χ2值 P值 学校类型 幼儿园 1 363 1 198(87.89) 6.71 0.04 小学 579 525(90.67) 中学 621 533(85.83) 行政区域 梁溪区 388 366(94.33) 166.31 <0.01 滨湖区 383 369(96.34) 新吴区 344 324(94.19) 惠山区 420 379(90.24) 锡山区 412 310(75.24) 江阴市 336 255(75.89) 宜兴市 280 253(90.36) 地域属性 城区 1 935 1 732(89.51) 16.57 <0.01 农村 628 524(83.44) 学校性质 公办 2 115 1 861(87.99) 0.01 0.92 民办 448 395(88.17) 注： ()内数字为合格率/%。 
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表 2 无锡市不同样品消毒合格率中小学校和幼儿园间比较
Table 2. Disinfection quality of different objects of secondary and primary schools and kindergartens in Wuxi
样品 幼儿园 小学 中学 χ2值 P值 采样数 合格数 采样数 合格数 采样数 合格数 使用中消毒剂染菌量 19 19(100.00) 15 15(100.00) 10 10(100.00) 1.00 餐饮具 400 364(91.00) 163 155(95.09) 175 159(90.86) 2.91 0.23 空气 178 167(93.82) 90 88(97.78) 96 84(87.50) 7.29 0.02 物体表面 426 390(91.55) 235 211(89.79) 254 217(85.43) 6.33 0.04 紫外线灯* 56 47(83.93) 8 7(87.50) 11 9(81.82) 1.00 含氯消毒剂有效氯浓度* 8 7(87.50) 5 2(40.00) 6 5(83.33) 0.19 工作人员手 276 204(73.91) 63 47(74.60) 69 49(71.01) 0.28 0.87 注： ()内数字为合格率/%，*组间比较使用Fisher确切概率法。
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