浙江省3~6岁儿童睡眠时间及影响因素分析

张俊飞; 陈谦

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.027

浙江省3~6岁儿童睡眠时间及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.027

张俊飞¹,
陈谦^2, ,

1.
安徽省宿州市第二中学, 234000
2.
浙江体育科学研究所

基金项目:

浙江省公益技术应用研究计划项目 2017C3076

详细信息

作者简介:
张俊飞(1995-)女, 安徽黄山人, 硕士, 中教二级, 主要研究方向为幼儿体育与体育教学

通讯作者:
陈谦, E-mail: 78799514@qq.com

中图分类号: R 179 G 806 G 78
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- 文章访问数: 574
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-21
- 修回日期: 2020-12-23
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-06
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-25

Sleep duration and associated factors among 3-6-year-old children in Zhejiang Province

ZHANG Junfei¹,
CHEN Qian^{2
, ,}

1.
Second Middle School, Suzhou(234000), Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解浙江省3~6岁儿童睡眠时间现状及影响因素, 为制定儿童睡眠干预措施提供依据。方法 2019年3—4月采用分层整群抽样方法, 选取浙江省24所幼儿园的7 034名3~6岁儿童为调查对象, 通过对家长发放问卷, 调查儿童的睡眠时间, 采用Logistic回归模型分析睡眠不足的影响因素。结果浙江省3~6岁儿童睡眠不足率为56.1%, 男童为57.1%, 女童为55.1%; 睡眠不足率随年龄增加而增加, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6岁分别为46.7%, 49.8%, 50.2%, 55.2%, 64.0%, 65.8%, 68.1%, 差异有统计学意义(χ²=45.17, P<0.01); 每日户外活动时间＜1 h者睡眠不足报告率为59.9%、1~2 h为54.7%、＞2 h为45.6%, 差异有统计学意义(χ²=67.10, P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归模型显示, 年龄4, 5, 5.5, 6岁, 看护人为其他, 每日户外活动时间＜1 h, 1~2 h, 母亲文化程度为初中及以下、高中/中专与儿童睡眠不足呈正相关。结论年龄增加、户外活动不足、屏幕时间过多、非父母看护、母亲文化程度低等是导致幼儿睡眠不足的主要因素。建议增加幼儿户外活动, 尤其关注非父母看护下幼儿的户外活动时间。
- 睡眠 /
- 时间 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To explore sleep duration and associated factors among children aged 3-6 years old in Zhejiang Province. Methods A total of 7 034 children aged 3-6 years from 24 kindergartens in Zhejiang province were selected through clustered sampling method. Through parental questionnaire, child sleep duration and associated factors were colleted. Possible influencing factors of sleep insufficiency were analyzed by logistic regression model. Results The rate of insufficient sleep was 56.1%, with 57.1% for boys and 55.1% for girls in Zhejiang Province. The rate of insufficient sleep increased with the increase of age, which was 46.7%, 49.8%, 50.2%, 55.2%, 64.0%, 65.8% and 68.1% for 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0 years old group (χ²=45.71, P<0.01), respectively. The rate of insufficient sleep was 59.9%, 54.7% and 45.6% for children with <1 h/d, 1-2 h/d and ≥2 h/d outdoor physical activity (χ²=67.10, P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression model showed that children older than 4.5 years old, whose caregiver was other than parents, outdoor activity time< 1 h/d and 1-2 h/d, maternal education below junior middle school and senior high school were positiviely associated with sleep insufficiency. Conclusion Sleep insufficiency among preschool children is associated with multiple factors, increase of age, insufficient outdoor activity and overdose screen time in particular. The finding calls for outdoor physical activity promotion among preschool children, especially for those whose caregivers are those other than parents.
- Sleep /
- Time /
- Regression analysis /
- Child

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表 1 不同年龄组儿童睡眠时间不足报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the reported rate of insufficient sleep duration among children of different age groups

年龄/岁	男生		女生		χ²值	P值
年龄/岁	人数	报告人数	人数	报告人数	χ²值	P值
3	460	220(47.8)	460	210(45.6)	0.44	0.51
3.5	573	285(49.7)	624	311(49.8)	0.01	0.97
4	550	274(49.8)	549	273(49.7)	0.01	0.97
4.5	617	338(54.8)	565	314(55.6)	0.07	0.78
5	601	396(65.9)	567	352(62.1)	1.84	0.17
5.5	549	369(67.2)	508	326(64.2)	1.08	0.30
6	243	170(69.9)	168	110(65.5)	0.91	0.34
χ²值		27.03		18.85
P值		＜0.05		＜0.05
注: ( )内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 浙江省3~6岁儿童睡眠不足的单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of insufficient sleep in children aged 3-6 years in Zhejiang Province

组别	人数	睡眠不足人数	χ²值	P值
性别
男	3 593	2 052(57.1)	2.02	0.16
女	3 441	1 896(55.1)
年龄/岁
3	920	430(46.7)	45.71	<0.01
3.5	1 197	596(49.8)
4	1 099	547(50.2)
4.5	1 182	652(55.2)
5	1 168	748(64.0)
5.5	1 057	695(65.8)
6	411	280(68.1)
看护人
父母	4 954	2 735(55.2)	5.43	0.02
其他	2 064	1 202(58.2)
每日户外活动时间/h
＜1	3 607	2 161(59.9)	67.10	<0.01
1~2	2 409	1 317(54.7)
＞2	988	451(45.6)
每日屏幕时间/h
＜1	3 800	2 077(54.7)	7.80	<0.01
1~2	2 335	1 343(57.5)
＞2	889	523(58.8)
父亲文化程度
初中及以下	1 657	961(58.0)	16.82	<0.01
高中/中专	2 240	1 299(58.0)
大专及以上	2 946	1 562(53.0)
母亲文化程度
初中及以下	1 976	1 190(60.2)	30.68	<0.01
高中/中专	2 125	1 216(56.5)
大专及以上	2 783	1 453(52.2)
父母有锻炼习惯
是	4 009	2 209(55.1)	2.63	0.11
否	2 879	1 643(57.1)
注: ( )内数字为报告率/%。

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表 3 浙江省3~6岁儿童睡眠不足的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=7 034)

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regerssion analysis of insufficient sleep among children aged 3-6 years in Zhejiang Province(n=7 034)

自变量	β值	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
年龄/岁
3				1.00
3.5	0.11	1.36	0.24	1.11(0.93~1.33)
4	0.15	2.44	0.12	1.16(0.96~1.39)
4.5	0.25	7.48	0.01	1.29(1.07~1.54)
5	0.68	52.80	0.00	1.97(1.64~2.37)
5.5	0.71	54.78	0.00	2.04(1.69~2.46)
6	0.85	42.62	0.00	2.35(1.82~3.03)
看护人
父母				1.00
其他	0.19	10.93	0.00	1.21(1.08~1.35)
每日户外活动时间/h
＜1	0.55	51.59	0.00	1.73(1.49~2.01)
1~2	0.39	23.77	0.00	1.47(1.26~1.72)
＞2				1.00
每日屏幕时间/h
＜1				1.00
1~2	0.05	0.70	0.40	1.05(0.94~1.17)
＞2	0.07	0.66	0.42	1.07(0.91~1.25)
父亲文化程度
初中及以下	0.02	0.03	0.86	1.02(0.86~1.20)
高中/中专	0.11	2.37	0.12	1.11(0.97~1.27)
大专及以上				1.00
母亲文化程度
初中及以下	0.30	12.90	0.00	1.35(1.15~1.59)
高中/中专	0.15	4.51	0.03	1.16(1.01~1.32)
大专及以上				1.00

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