潍坊市女大学生人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种犹豫现状及影响因素

刘敏; 尹文强; 许小凤; 李秋莎; 宋燕楠; 杨春晓; 黄冬梅

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.024

潍坊市女大学生人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种犹豫现状及影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.024

刘敏^{1, 2, 3},
尹文强^{1, 2, 3},
许小凤^{1, 2, 3},
李秋莎^{1, 2, 3},
宋燕楠^{1, 2, 3},
杨春晓^{1, 2, 3},
黄冬梅^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
潍坊医学院管理学院，山东 261053
2.
“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心
3.
健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 71573191

详细信息

作者简介:
刘敏(1995-)，女，山东日照人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为卫生管理与政策研究

通讯作者:
黄冬梅，E-mail：hdongm@126.com

中图分类号: R 186 G 647.8
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- 文章访问数: 709
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-17
- 修回日期: 2020-08-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-06
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-25

Study on HPV vaccine hesitation and associated factors among female college students in Weifang

LIU Min^{1, 2, 3},
YIN Wenqiang^{1, 2, 3},
XU Xiaofeng^{1, 2, 3},
LI Qiusha^{1, 2, 3},
SONG Yannan^{1, 2, 3},
YANG Chunxiao^{1, 2, 3},
HUANG Dongmei^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang(261053), Shandong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的调查潍坊市女大学生人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗接种犹豫现状及其影响因素，为提高女大学生HPV疫苗接种率提供对策建议。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法，抽取潍坊市1所医学院校和3所非医学院校408名女大学生，使用“女大学生HPV疫苗犹豫调查问卷”进行调查，使用χ²检验和Logistic回归分析探究疫苗接种犹豫的影响因素。结果认为疫苗风险感知高(OR=4.15，95%CI=1.55~11.10)和对疫苗不良反应感到愤怒的女大学生(OR=3.63，95%CI=1.95~6.75)会对接种HPV疫苗产生犹豫；而认为HPV疫苗保护期长(OR=0.08，95%CI=0.04~0.17)、认为女性患宫颈癌的可能性大(OR=0.44，95%CI=0.21~0.90)和HPV疫苗认知得分>6分的女大学生(OR=0.31，95%CI=0.15~0.67)会选择接种HPV疫苗。结论疫苗风险感知高和对疫苗不良反应感到愤怒是影响女大学生HPV疫苗接种犹豫的重要因素。需要国家发挥战略导向作用，学校发挥教育作用，医务人员发挥引导作用，降低女大学生对接种HPV疫苗的犹豫。
- 乳头状瘤病毒疫苗 /
- 接种 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生 /
- 女(雌)性
Abstract: Objective To investigate HPV vaccine hesitation and associated factors among female college students in Weifang, and to provide a suggestions for improving the coverage rate of HPV vaccine among female college students. Methods The questionnaire of HPV vaccine hesitancy of female college students was designed. By adopting the stratified sampling method, the survey was conducted among female students at one medical university and three nonmedical universities in Weifang. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of vaccine hesitation. Results Female college students who had high risk perception toward vaccine (OR=4.15, 95%CI=1.55-11.10) and those who were angry about the sideeffects of the vaccine (OR=3.63, 95%CI=1.95-6.75) were hesitate to vaccinate against HPV. Female college students who believed long protection period of HPV vaccine (OR=0.08, 95%CI=0.04-0.17), that women had a high probability of cervical cancer (OR=0.44, 95%CI=0.21-0.90) and that the knowledge of HPV vaccine scored >6 (OR=0.31, 95%CI=0.15-0.67) were more likely to receive HPV vaccine. Conclusion High risk perception of vaccines and anger at vaccine adverse reactions are important factors affecting HPV vaccines for female college students. Our findings call for strategic role of the state, school-based health education as well as medical professional guidance in lowering HPV vaccination hesitation among fenale college sutdents.
- Papillomavirus vaccines /
- Vaccination /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Female

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表 1 不同组别女大学生宫颈癌认知得分分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of cervical cancer awareness scores in different groups of female college students

变量	人数	>6分	4~6分	≤3分	χ²值	P值
年龄/岁
≤19	72	9(12.5)	43(59.7)	20(27.8)	7.97	0.09
20~22	188	45(23.9)	92(48.9)	51(27.1)
≥23	148	33(22.3)	87(58.8)	28(18.9)
居住地
城市	224	48(21.4)	117(52.2)	59(26.3)	1.32	0.52
农村	184	39(21.2)	105(57.1)	40(21.7)
学历
专科	152	27(17.8)	85(55.9)	40(26.3)	3.58	0.47
本科	164	40(24.4)	83(50.6)	41(25.0)
研究生	92	20(21.7)	54(58.7)	18(19.6)
年级
大一	49	5(10.2)	31(63.3)	13(26.5)	15.40	0.02
大二	63	5(7.9)	39(61.9)	19(30.2)
大三	85	19(22.4)	45(52.9)	21(24.7)
大四及以上	211	58(27.5)	107(50.7)	46(21.8)
专业类型
非医学	302	22(7.3)	188(62.3)	92(30.5)	138.98	< 0.01
医学	106	65(61.3)	34(32.1)	7(6.6)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 女大学生HPV疫苗犹豫单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of female college students' hesitance to HPV vaccination

变量	选项	人数	疫苗犹豫人数	χ²值	P值
专业类型	非医学	296	168(56.8)	31.03	< 0.01
	医学	93	22(11.6)
女性是否有可能患宫颈癌	否	62	35(18.4)	18.24	< 0.01
	不确定	179	100(52.6)
	是	148	55(28.9)
HPV疫苗认知得分	>6	88	39(20.5)	10.69	0.01
	4~6	232	105(55.3)
	≤3	69	46(24.2)
认为HPV疫苗保护期	短	100	72(37.9)	37.35	< 0.01
	一般	151	74(38.9)
	长	138	44(23.2)
疫苗风险感知	风险低	31	17(8.9)	23.20	< 0.01
	风险一般	259	105(55.3)
	风险高	99	68(35.8)
对疫苗不良反应感到愤怒	否	102	35(18.4)	11.85	0.01
	不确定	108	60(31.6)
	是	179	95(50.0)
周围接种HPV疫苗的人	少	301	172(90.5)	36.68	< 0.01
	多	88	18(9.5)
自己是否负担的起HPV疫苗	否	134	86(45.3)	19.24	< 0.01
	是	255	104(54.7)
父母是否负担的起HPV疫苗	否	76	52(27.4)	14.49	< 0.01
	是	313	138(72.6)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 女大学生HPV疫苗犹豫的多因素分析(n=408)

Table 3. Multivariate regression analysis of HPV vaccination hesitance among female college students

自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
认为HPV疫苗保护期
短			48.10	< 0.01
一般	-1.40	0.32	19.83	< 0.01	0.25(0.13~0.46)
长	-2.50	0.36	48.09	< 0.01	0.08(0.04~0.17)
疫苗风险感知
风险低			29.14	< 0.01
风险一般	-0.21	0.44	0.23	0.64	0.81(0.35~1.91)
风险高	1.42	0.50	8.40	0.01	4.15(1.55~11.10)
对疫苗不良反应感到愤怒
否			17.40	< 0.01
不确定	1.02	0.34	9.19	0.00	2.77(1.43~5.35)
是	1.29	0.32	16.59	< 0.01	3.63(1.95~6.75)
女性是否有可能患宫颈癌
否			18.33	< 0.01
不确定	0.34	0.35	0.92	0.34	1.40(0.71~2.77)
是	-0.83	0.37	5.01	0.03	0.44(0.21~0.90)
HPV疫苗认知得分
≤3			11.25	0.00
4~6	-1.03	0.33	9.75	0.00	0.36(0.19~0.68)
>6	-1.16	0.39	8.96	0.00	0.31(0.15~0.67)

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