上饶市留守儿童行为生活方式与焦虑症状的关联

黄波; 傅建平; 林延敏; 沙冕; 杨茂林; 徐永生; 伍晓艳

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.022

上饶市留守儿童行为生活方式与焦虑症状的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.022

1.
上饶师范学院体育学院/幼儿体育与留守儿童健康研究中心，江西 334001
2.
铅山县武夷山中学
3.
吕梁学院体育系
4.
安徽医科大学儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系/人口健康与优生安徽省重点实验室/出生人口健康教育部重点实验室

基金项目:

江西省高校人文社会科学项目 TY1312

详细信息

作者简介:
黄波(1971-)，女，江西上饶人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为青少年体育艺术与体质健康

通讯作者:
徐永生，E-mail：741769391@qq.com

中图分类号: G 478 G 444 R 179
计量
- 文章访问数: 440
- HTML全文浏览量: 228
- PDF下载量: 29
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-06
- 修回日期: 2020-10-09
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-06
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-25

Relationship between behavior and lifestyle of left-behind children and anxiety symptoms in Shangrao City

1.
Department of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University Research Center of Preschool Sports and Left-Behind Chilren's Health, Shangrao (334001), Jiangxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析留守儿童行为生活方式因素与焦虑症状的关联强度，为留守儿童心理健康干预提供依据。方法运用广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)对江西省上饶市B县1 188名13~18岁儿童(非留守617名，留守571名)进行评估，同时问卷调查留守儿童的体力活动、看电视时间、使用电脑时间、膳食行为、睡眠情况等行为生活方式因素。结果留守儿童焦虑检出率(66.0%)高于非留守儿童(60.5%)，其中轻、中、重度焦虑检出率分别为26.3%，15.4%和24.3%。在控制年龄、性别条件下，Logistic回归分析显示，留守儿童焦虑症状与使用电脑时间>3 h/d(轻度焦虑，OR=3.00，95%CI=1.27~4.16；中度焦虑，OR=4.09，95%CI=1.55~10.78；重度焦虑，OR=3.44，95%CI=1.46~8.11)、手机使用时间>3 h/d(轻度焦虑，OR=4.93，95%CI=2.71~8.94；中度焦虑，OR=5.93，95%CI=2.98~11.79；重度焦虑，OR=7.11，95%CI=3.85~13.15)、不吃早餐行为(中度焦虑，经常不吃，OR=6.09，95%CI=1.59~23.36；重度焦虑，经常不吃，OR=5.49，95%CI=1.68~7.97、有时吃，OR=2.68，95%CI=1.10~6.53)呈正相关；与适当的睡眠时间(中度焦虑，OR=0.28，95%CI=0.13~0.60)呈负相关。结论留守儿童视屏时间长、不吃早餐、睡眠时间长可能为焦虑症状潜在的危险因素。
- 焦虑 /
- 生活方式 /
- 儿童心理学 /
- 回归分析
Abstract: Objective To analyze the correlation between behavior and lifestyle factors and anxiety symptoms of left-behind children, and to provide evidence for mental health intervention of left-behind children. Methods 1 188 children aged from 13 to 18 (617 non-left-behind children and 571 left-behind children) in B County of Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province were evaluated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Meanwhile, physical activity, TV watching time, computer usage time, dietary behavior, sleep and other behavioral lifestyle factors of left-behind children were investigated by questionnaire. Results The detection rate of anxiety among left-behind children (66.0%) was higher than that of non-left-behind children (60.5%). The detection rates of mild, moderate, and severe anxiety were 26.3%, 15.4% and 24.3%, respectively. Under the condition of controlling age and gender, Logistic regression analysis showed that left-behind children's anxiety symptoms and computer usage time>3 h/d (mild anxiety, OR=3.00, 95%CI=1.27-4.16; moderate anxiety, OR=4.09, 95%CI=1.55-10.78; severe anxiety, OR=3.44, 95%CI=1.46-8.11), mobile phone usage time >3 h/d (mild anxiety, OR=4.93, 95%CI=2.71-8.94; moderate anxiety, OR=5.93, 95%CI=2.98-11.79; severe anxiety, OR=7.11, 95%CI=3.85-13.15), skipping breakfast behavior (moderate anxiety, often skipping, OR=6.09, 95%CI=1.59-23.36; severe anxiety, often skipping, OR=5.49, 95%CI =1.68-7.97, sometimes eat breakfast, OR=2.68, 95%CI=1.10-6.53) was positively correlated; with appropriate sleeping time (moderate anxiety, OR=0.28, 95%CI=0.13-0.60) was negatively correlated. Conclusion The unhealthy behavior and lifestyle of left-behind children may be a potential risk factor for anxiety symptoms.
- Anxiety /
- Life style /
- Child psychology /
- Regression analysis

HTML全文

表 1 不同性别年龄儿童焦虑症状检出率比较

Table 1. Prevalence of anxiety among left-behind children aged 13-18 by gender and age groups

性别与年龄	选项	留守儿童						非留守儿童
性别与年龄	选项	人数	轻度	中度	重度	χ²值	P值	人数	轻度	中度	重度	χ²值	P值
性别	男	273	67(24.5)	44(16.1)	66(24.2)	0.99	0.80	342	76(22.3)	61(17.8)	67(19.6)	4.62	0.63
	女	298	83(27.9)	44(14.8)	73(24.5)			275	55(19.9)	56(20.4)	58(21.1)
年龄/岁	13	71	22(31.0)	10(14.1)	15(21.1)	11.42	0.72	111	23(20.7)	20(18.0)	27(24.3)	9.68	0.84
	14	90	17(18.9)	15(16.7)	19(21.1)			118	27(22.9)	22(18.6)	23(19.5)
	15	96	22(22.9)	19(19.8)	24(25.0)			136	26(19.1)	28(20.6)	27(19.9)
	16	126	36(28.6)	17(13.5)	31(24.6)			105	23(21.9)	21(20.0)	17(16.2)
	17	116	33(28.4)	20(17.2)	29(25.0)			85	19(22.4)	16(18.8)	20(23.5)
	18	72	20(27.8)	7(9.7)	21(29.2)			62	13(21.0)	10(16.1)	11(17.7)
合计		571	150(26.3)	88(15.4)	139(24.3)			617	131(21.2)	117(19.0)	125(20.3)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 留守儿童行为生活方式与焦虑症状的相关性

Table 2. Correlation between anxiety and lifestyle of left-behind children

行为生活方式	人数	轻度	中度	重度	χ²值	P值	行为生活方式	人数	轻度	中度	重度	χ²值	P值
体力活动时间/(h·d^-1)							是否吸烟
< 0.5	219	67(30.6)	28(12.8)	52(23.7)	6.77	0.34	是	546	144(26.4)	81(14.8)	133(24.4)	3.51	0.32
0.5~2	285	64(22.5)	52(18.2)	72(25.3)			否	25	6(24.0)	7(28.0)	6(24.0)
>2	67	19(28.4)	8(11.9)	15(22.4)			是否喝酒
电视时间/(h·d^-1)							是	464	119(25.6)	65(14.0)	109(23.5)	10.30	0.02
>3	32	7(21.9)	5(15.6)	9(28.1)	6.49	0.69	否	107	31(29.0)	23(21.5)	30(28.0)
1~3	103	27(26.2)	15(14.6)	32(31.1)			手机使用时间/(h·d^-1)
< 1	173	42(24.3)	32(18.5)	38(22.0)			>3	216	62(28.7)	44(20.4)	77(35.6)	64.87	0.00
不看	263	74(28.1)	36(13.7)	60(22.8)			1~3	190	55(28.9)	25(13.2)	29(15.3)
电脑时间/(h·d^-1)							< 1	165	33(20.0)	19(11.5)	33(20.0)
>3	60	18(30.0)	12(20.0)	21(35.0)	21.02	0.01	快餐频率/(次·周^-1)
1~3	113	23(20.4)	23(20.4)	22(19.5)			≥4	15	3(20.0)	2(13.3)	2(13.3)	3.64	0.73
< 1	160	50(31.3)	24(15.0)	33(20.6)			1~3	361	99(27.4)	53(14.7)	90(24.9)
不用	238	59(24.8)	29(12.2)	63(26.5)			0	195	48(24.6)	33(16.9)	47(24.1)
睡眠时间/(h·d^-1)							早餐频率/(次·周^-1)
< 6	92	28(30.4)	16(17.4)	27(29.3)	21.78	0.00	0	33	7(21.2)	9(27.3)	11(33.3)	25.80	0.00
6~8	376	98(26.1)	45(12.0)	86(22.9)			1~3	58	14(24.1)	15(25.9)	17(29.3)
>8	103	24(23.3)	27(26.2)	26(25.2)			4~6	128	42(32.8)	12(9.4)	36(28.1)
							7	352	87(24.7)	52(14.8)	75(21.3)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 留守儿童行为生活方式与焦虑状况关系的多项式Logistic回归分析(n=571)

Table 3. Rolynomial Logistic regression analysis on the relationship lifestyle and anxiety of left-behind children (n=571)

行为生活方式	轻度			中度			重度
行为生活方式	β值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	β值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	β值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
电脑时间/(h·d^-1)
>3	1.09	3.00(1.27~4.16)	0.01	1.41	4.09(1.55~10.78)	0.00	1.24	3.44(1.46~8.11)	0.01
1~3	-0.23	0.79(0.43~1.47)	0.46	0.44	1.56(0.80~3.03)	0.19	-0.30	0.70(0.40~1.37)	0.34
< 1	0.34	1.40(0.84~2.34)	0.19	0.31	1.36(0.72~2.58)	0.35	-0.13	0.88(0.51~1.52)	0.65
不用		1.00			1.00			1.00
睡眠时间/(h·d^-1)
<6	0.18	1.19(0.51~2.81)	0.69	-0.10	0.90(0.30~2.67)	0.85	0.05	1.06(0.39~2.85)	0.92
6~8	-0.47	0.63(0.33~1.20)	0.16	-1.26	0.28(0.13~0.60)	0.00	-0.30	0.74(0.36~1.55)	0.43
>8		1.00			1.00			1.00
是否喝酒
是	-0.71	0.49(0.27~0.90)	0.22	-0.86	0.42(0.19~0.95)	0.04	-0.36	0.70(0.35~1.41)	0.32
否		1.00			1.00			1.00
手机使用时间/(h·d^-1)
>3	1.59	4.93(2.71~8.94)	0.00	1.78	5.93(2.98~11.79)	0.00	1.96	7.11(3.85~13.15)	0.00
1~3	0.52	1.69(0.99~2.88)	0.06	0.28	1.32(0.67~2.59)	0.42	-0.05	0.95(0.52~1.74)	0.88
< 1		1.00			1.00			1.00
早餐频率/(次·周^-1)
0	0.74	2.10(0.67~6.55)	0.20	1.81	6.09(1.59~23.36)	0.01	1.70	5.49(1.68~7.97)	0.01
1~3	0.67	1.95(0.85~4.43)	0.11	2.15	8.60(3.14~23.51)	0.12	0.99	2.68(1.10~6.53)	0.03
4~6	0.58	1.79(1.06~2.98)	0.13	-0.15	0.86(0.35~2.12)	0.75	0.56	1.75(0.94~3.25)	0.08
7		1.00			1.00			1.00

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(26)

[1]	张莉, 孟软何, 李飞, 等. 山西某市中学生焦虑及抑郁情绪现况调查[J]. 长治医学院学报, 2012, 26(5): 324-327. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0588.2012.05.002 ZHANG L, MENG R H, LI F, et al. A study on the exiety and depression emotional disorders for high school students of one city in Shanxi Province[J]. J Changzhi Med Coll, 2012, 26(5): 324-327. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0588.2012.05.002
[2]	唐慧, 丁伶灵, 宋秀丽, 等. 芜湖市青少年抑郁情绪及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国医学科学院学报, 2014, 36(3): 317-320. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYKX201403017.htm TANG H, DING L L, SONG X L, et al. An analysis of adolescent depression and its influencing factors in Wuhu City[J]. Acta Acad Med Sinica, 2014, 36(3): 317-320. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYKX201403017.htm
[3]	CHEUNG T, YIP P S F. Lifestyle and depression among Hong Kong nurses[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2016, 13(1): 135. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13010135
[4]	WENG T T, HAO J H, QIAN Q W, et al. Is there any relationship between dietary patterns and depression and anxiety in Chinese adolescents[J]. Public Health Nutr, 2012, 15(4): 673-682. doi: 10.1017/S1368980011003077
[5]	龚风华. 南通市农村留守儿童心理健康水平特征和体育锻炼干预作用研究[D]. 苏州: 苏州大学, 2010. GONG F H. Study on characteristics of rear children's psychological health level in Nantong and the interference effects of exercise[D]. Suzhou: Soochow University, 2020.
[6]	李淑清. 农村留守初中生的情绪智力、社会支持与心理健康研究[D]. 桂林: 广西师范大学, 2018. LI S Q. A study on emotional intelligence, social support and mental health of left-behind junior high school students in rural areas[D]. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University, 2018.
[7]	段成荣. 解决留守儿童问题的根本在于止住源头[J]. 武汉大学学报(人文科学版), 2016, 69(2): 15-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WHDS201602026.htm DUAN C R. The root of solving the problem of left-behind children lies in stopping the source[J]. Wuhan University J(Human Soc Sci), 2016, 69(2): 15-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WHDS201602026.htm
[8]	中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 学生餐营养指南WS/T 554—2017[S]. 北京: 国家标准出版社, 2018. National Health and Family Planning Commission of PRC. Nutrition guidelines of school meals WS/T 554-2017[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018.
[9]	曲姗, 胜利. 广泛性焦虑量表在综合医院心理科门诊筛查广泛性焦虑障碍的诊断试验[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2015, 29(12): 939-944. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2015.12.010 QU S, SHENG L. Diagnostic test of screening generalized anxiety disorders in general hospital psychological department with GAD-7[J]. Chin Ment Health J, 2015, 29(12): 939-944. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2015.12.010
[10]	崔晶, 辛志宇, 马龙, 等. 哈尔滨市留守与非留守小学生焦虑、抑郁和共患情况及其影响因素调查[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2018, 26(7): 758-761. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO201807019.htm CUI J, XIN Z Y, MA L, et al. Investigation of anxiety, depression and comorbidity among left-behind primary school pupils and normal pupils in Harbin[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2018, 26(7): 758-761. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ERTO201807019.htm
[11]	KENDLER K S, HETTEMA J M, BUTERA F, et al. Life event dimensions of loss, humiliation, entrapment, and danger in the prediction of onsets of major depression and generalized anxiety[J]. Arch Gen Psy, 2003, 60(8): 789-796. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.789
[12]	PATRICK A B, ERIC C, THOMAS V P. Perceived stress, internal resources, and social support as determinants of mental health among young adults[J]. Q Life Res, 2004, 13(1): 161-170. doi: 10.1023/B:QURE.0000015288.43768.e4
[13]	李连升, 李铿. 甘肃省靖远县留守儿童心理健康状况调查[J]. 疾病预防控制通报, 2019, 34(1): 75-77. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DFBT201901023.htm LI L S, LI K. Investigation on mental health status of left-behind children in Jingyuan County, Gansu Province[J]. Bull Dis Control Prev, 2019, 34(1): 75-77. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DFBT201901023.htm
[14]	欧胜虎. 达州市留守高中生心理健康状况与家庭功能的关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(8): 1155-1158, 1161. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.08.010 OU S H. Mental health and its relation with family function among left-behind high school students in Dazhou[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(8): 1155-1158, 1161. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.08.010
[15]	邱玲丽, 关海艳. 860例农村地区学龄期留守儿童同伴交往能力调查及影响因素[J]. 中国卫生工程学, 2019, 18(4): 576-578. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGWX201904037.htm QIU L L, GUAN H Y. Investigation and influencing factors of peer communication ability of 860 school-age left-behind children in rural areas[J]. Chin J Public Health Engin, 2019, 18(4): 576-578. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGWX201904037.htm
[16]	TWENGE J M, MARTIN G N, CAMPBELL W K. Decreases in psychological well-being among American adolescents after 2012 and links to screen time during the rise of smartphone technology[J]. Emotion, 2018, 18(6): 765-780. doi: 10.1037/emo0000403
[17]	付继玲. 视屏时间与青少年心理病理症状关系研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽医科大学, 2013. FU J L. Screen time and psychopathology symptom among adolescents in China[D]. Hefei: Anhui Medical University, 2013.
[18]	CAO H, QIAN Q, WENG T, et al. Screen time, physical activity and mental health among urban adolescents in China[J]. Prev Med, 2011, 53(4/5): 316-320. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21933680
[19]	LAZZERI G, AHLUWALIA N, NICLASEN B, et al. Trends from 2002 to 2010 in daily breakfast consumption and its socio-demographic correlates in adolescents across 31 countries participating in the HBSC study[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(3): e0151052. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151052
[20]	BLACKIE C, GREGG R, FREETH D. Promoting health in young people[J]. Nurs Stand, 1998, 12(36): 39. doi: 10.7748/ns.12.36.39.s46
[21]	唐振闯. 早餐质量对青年脑力劳动者短期认知能力影响的研究[D]. 北京: 中国疾病预防控制中心, 2016. TANG Z C. A study on the effect of breakfast quality on the short-term cognitive ability of young mental workers[D]. Beijing: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016.
[22]	薛允莲, 许军, 刘贵浩, 等. 健康关注度在早餐习惯与亚健康关系的中介和调节效应分析[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2020, 36(3): 1-3. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW202003037.htm XUE Y L, XU J, LIU G H, et al. Mediation and moderating effect of health concern on relationship between breakfast habit and sub-health among community residents in China[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2020, 36(3): 1-3. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW202003037.htm
[23]	BERNIER A, BEAUCHAMP M H, BOUVETTE-TURCOT A A, et al. Sleep and cognition in preschool years: specific links to executive functioning[J]. Child Dev, 2013, 84(5): 1542-1553. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12063
[24]	SADEH A, GRUBER R, RAVIV A. Sleep, neurobehavioral functioning, and behavior problems in school-age children[J]. Child Dev, 2002, 73(2): 405-417. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00414
[25]	BUCKHALT J A, El-SHEIKH M, KELLER P. Children's sleep and cognitive functioning: race and socioeconomic status as moderators of effects[J]. Child Dev, 2007, 78(1): 213-231. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.00993.x
[26]	ANDERSON B, STORFER-ISSER A, TAYLOR H G, et al. Associations of executive function with sleepiness and sleep duration in adolescents[J]. Pediatrics, 2009, 123(4): e701-e707. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-1182