低龄儿童家长应对儿童性侵犯的行为反应及影响因素

徐英; 郭艳芳; 李志学; 李毅文; 马艳; 赵仁成; 何向阳; 邓晓; 彭绩; 雷林; 刘峥

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.020

低龄儿童家长应对儿童性侵犯的行为反应及影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.020

徐英¹,
郭艳芳¹,
李志学¹,
李毅文¹,
马艳¹,
赵仁成¹,
何向阳¹,
邓晓²,
彭绩³,
雷林³,
刘峥^1, ,

1.
广东省深圳市宝安区慢性病防治院慢性病综合防制科，518101
2.
中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心伤害防控与心理健康室
3.
深圳市慢性病防治中心肿瘤与伤害防控科

基金项目:

深圳市卫计委项目 SZGW2018007

宝安区科技创新局项目 2018JD035

详细信息

作者简介:
徐英(1979-)，女，江西临川人，博士，副主任医师，主要从事慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制工作

通讯作者:
刘峥，E-mail：15331952@qq.com

中图分类号: R 193 R 179 G 78
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- 文章访问数: 533
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-07
- 修回日期: 2020-11-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-06
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-25

Responses to child sexual assaults and associated factors among parents of young children

1.
Department of NCD Comprehensive Control, Shenzhen Baoan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen (518101), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析低龄儿童家长应对儿童性侵犯事件的可能行为反应及潜在影响因素，为开展儿童性侵犯预防教育提供依据。方法利用“2016—2020年儿童伤害预防项目”基线调查的部分数据，采用χ²检验、Logistic回归分析等方法分析小学三年级以下儿童家长的行为反应特征及其相关影响因素。结果共纳入4 072名儿童家长进行分析，其中86.8%的家长选择“陪伴解决”，51.0%家长带孩子看“心理医生”，4.9%家长“责备孩子太不小心”，2.9%家长选择“让孩子不要声张此事”，6.5%的家长选择“其他”应对方式。外籍、文化程度越低(OR=0.26~0.64)的家长倾向“责备”孩子；母亲、文化程度越高(OR=0.27~0.72)的家长越不鼓励孩子“勿声张”；母亲、年龄越高的孩子(OR=1.33~1.78)、家长文化程度较高(OR=1.65~2.99)的家长倾向“陪伴解决”；≥30岁、高中/技校/中专文化程度的家长倾向带孩子看“心理医生”。结论家长比较重视性侵犯事件后的儿童身心健康，但仍有部分家长采取“责备”和“勿声张”的消极应对方式；家长角色、文化程度、亲子交流时长和儿童年龄情况是影响家长行为反应特征的主要因素。需进一步加强预防儿童性侵犯二次伤害的教育，同时充分考虑受教育对象的特征。
- 法定监护人 /
- 性 /
- 暴力 /
- 行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To analyze the possible responses of parents of young children to Child sexual assault (CSA) and the potential influencing factors, so as to provide evidence for prevention programs of CSA. Methods Part of the data from "2016-2020 Child Injury Prevention Project" was used to analyze responses to CSA among parents of children younger than 3rd grade in primary school by chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 4 072 parents were included in the analysis. Among them, 86.8% of parents chose "to solve problems together", 51.0% of parents taking children to a "psychologist", 4.9% of parents "scolding children for being too careless", 2.9% of parents "letting child not disclose abuse" and 6.5% of parents chose "other" coping methods. Parents with foreign nationality and lower education level (OR=0.26-0.64) tend to "blame" their children. Mothers, higher parental education level (OR=0.27-0.72) were more reluctant to encourage their children to keep quiet. Mothers, older children (OR=1.33-1.78) and parents with higher education level (OR=1.65-2.99) tend to "accompany". Parents aged 30 or more, and from high school/technical school/technical secondary school tend to take their children to see a "psychologist". Conclusion Parents universally pay attention to the physical and mental health of children after CSA, but some parents still take negative coping methods, e.g. "blame" and "not disclose". Parenting educational level, duration of parent-child communication and age of children are primary factors associated with parental responses to child sexual assault. This study suggests that prevention secondary injury following child sexual assault should be farther strengthened, while fully considering the characteristics of the educated objects.
- Legal guardians /
- Sex /
- Violence /
- Behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Child

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表 1 应对儿童性侵犯后的家长行为反应单因素分析

Table 1. Behavior responses to child sexual abuse of parents and children with different demographic characteristics

变量	选项	人数	统计值	责备	勿声张	陪伴解决	心理医生	报警	教授方法	强调隐私
家长角色	父亲	446		33(7.4)	24(5.4)	358(80.3)	241(54.0)	14(3.1)	4(0.9)	2(0.4)
	母亲	3 630		167(4.6)	94(2.6)	3 179(87.6)	1 837(50.6)	61(1.7)	87(2.4)	45(1.2)
			χ²值	6.67	11.01	18.48	1.87	4.68	4.09	2.18
			P值	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.17	0.03	0.04	0.14
儿童年龄	未上学	544		17(3.1)	16(2.9)	450(82.7)	247(45.4)	5(0.9)	9(1.7)	9(1.7)
	幼儿园	527		11(2.1)	5(0.9)	486(92.2)	282(53.5)	18(3.4)	18(3.4)	13(2.5)
	小学一至三年级	3 005		172(5.7)	97(3.2)	2 601(86.6)	1 549(51.5)	52(1.7)	64(2.1)	25(0.8)
			χ²值	16.98	8.29	21.54	8.51	10.00	4.37	11.90
			P值	< 0.01	0.02	< 0.01	0.01	0.01	0.11	0.00
儿童户籍	本地	1 484		47(3.2)	30(2.0)	1 333(89.8)	767(51.7)	27(1.8)	36(2.4)	17(1.1)
	本省外地	1 112		70(6.3)	41(3.7)	945(85.0)	586(52.7)	22(2.0)	22(2.0)	10(0.9)
	外省	1 383		71(5.1)	43(3.1)	1 181(85.4)	683(49.4)	24(1.7)	32(2.3)	18(1.3)
	外籍	97		12(12.4)	4(4.1)	78(80.4)	42(43.3)	2(2.1)	1(1.0)	2(2.1)
			χ²值	25.95	7.26	20.86	5.31	0.23	1.27	1.60
			P值	< 0.01	0.06	< 0.01	0.15	0.97	0.74	0.66
家长年龄/岁	< 30	529		24(4.5)	17(3.2)	441(83.4)	227(42.9)	9(1.7)	18(3.4)	13(2.5)
	30~ < 40	2 982		139(4.7)	80(2.7)	2 609(87.5)	1 567(52.5)	54(1.8)	60(2.0)	33(1.1)
	≥40	565		37(6.5)	21(3.7)	487(86.2)	284(50.3)	12(2.1)	13(2.3)	1(0.2)
			χ²值	3.81	2.03	6.86	16.83	0.32	3.99	12.68
			P值	0.15	0.36	0.03	< 0.01	0.85	0.14	0.00
家长文化程度	小学及以下	156		20(12.8)	11(7.1)	118(75.6)	63(40.4)	1(0.6)	7(4.5)	2(1.3)
	初中	1 090		76(7.0)	48(4.4)	910(83.5)	523(48.0)	14(1.3)	21(1.9)	7(0.6)
	高中/技校/中专	1 262		64(5.1)	36(2.9)	1 106(87.6)	706(55.9)	27(2.1)	24(1.9)	22(1.7)
	大专	902		25(2.8)	14(1.6)	795(88.1)	448(49.7)	16(1.8)	28(3.1)	13(1.4)
	大学本科及以上	666		15(2.3)	9(1.4)	608(91.3)	338(50.8)	17(2.6)	11(1.7)	3(0.5)
			χ²值	49.85	29.85	41.24	24.00	5.63	8.90	9.92
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.23	0.064	0.04
每天亲子交流时	从不	11		2(18.2)	4(36.4)	8(72.7)	6(54.5)	0	1(9.1)	0
长/min	< 10	152		18(11.8)	6(3.9)	125(82.2)	57(37.5)	0	3(2.0)	1(0.7)
	10~	804		35(4.4)	30(3.7)	697(86.7)	403(50.1)	12(1.5)	15(1.9)	9(1.1)
	30~	965		52(5.4)	23(2.4)	843(87.4)	519(53.8)	21(2.2)	17(1.8)	12(1.2)
	60~	2 144		93(4.3)	55(2.6)	1 864(86.9)	1 093(51.0)	42(2.0)	55(2.6)	25(1.2)
			χ²值	22.32	48.16	4.96	14.38	4.37	4.98	0.54
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.29	< 0.01	0.36	0.29	0.97
亲子交流方式	不交流	11		2(18.2)	4(36.4)	8(72.7)	6(54.5)	0	1(9.1)	0
	主动	951		61(6.4)	32(3.4)	780(82.0)	463(48.7)	14(1.5)	15(1.6)	8(0.8)
	被动	74		5(6.8)	2(2.7)	68(91.9)	29(39.2)	1(1.4)	0	2(2.7)
	双方主动	3 040		132(4.3)	80(2.6)	2 681(88.2)	1 580(52.0)	60(2.0)	75(2.5)	37(1.2)
			χ²值	11.41	45.34	27.64	7.38	1.32	6.70	2.61
			P值	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.06	0.73	0.08	0.46
合计		4 076		200(4.9)	118(2.9)	3 537(86.8)	2 078(51.0)	75(1.8)	91(2.2)	47(1.2)
注：()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 家长行为反应特征影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of parents' response to child sexual abuse

自变量	选项	责备	勿声张	陪伴解决	心理医生
家长角色	父亲	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	母亲	0.71(0.47~1.07)	0.54(0.33~0.90)	1.73(1.32~2.27)	0.86(0.70~1.05)
儿童年龄	未上学	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	幼儿园	0.94(0.42~2.09)	0.42(0.15~1.21)	1.78(1.18~2.68)	1.21(0.94~1.56)
	小学一至三年级	1.61(0.92~2.80)	0.90(0.49~1.65)	1.33(1.00~1.76)	1.11(0.91~1.37)
儿童户籍	本地	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	本省外地	1.25(0.81~1.93)	1.07(0.61~1.86)	0.85(0.65~1.12)	1.04(0.87~1.25)
	外省	1.12(0.74~1.71)	0.98(0.57~1.68)	0.87(0.68~1.13)	0.93(0.79~1.10)
	外籍	2.58(1.25~5.15)	1.26(0.42~3.81)	0.61(0.35~1.06)	0.73(0.48~1.12)
家长年龄/岁	< 30	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	30~ < 40	1.00(0.61~1.60)	0.91(0.51~1.63)	1.19(0.9~1.57)	1.39(1.14~1.71)
	≥40	1.17(0.65~2.09)	0.95(0.45~1.98)	1.26(0.87~1.82)	1.29(1.00~1.67)
家长文化程度	小学及以下	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	初中	0.64(0.36~1.11)	0.72(0.34~1.54)	1.65(1.09~2.51)	1.36(0.96~1.92)
	高中/技校/中专	0.50(0.28~0.88)	0.52(0.24~1.12)	2.16(1.42~3.30)	1.79(1.26~2.53)
	大专	0.30(0.15~0.58)	0.30(0.12~0.73)	2.10(1.34~3.29)	1.35(0.94~1.94)
	大学本科及以上	0.26(0.12~0.82)	0.27(0.10~0.75)	2.99(1.80~4.97)	1.36(0.93~2.00)
每天亲子交流时长	< 10	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
/min	10~	0.42(0.23~0.77)	1.12(0.45~2.77)	1.21(0.75~1.94)	1.54(1.07~2.21)
	30~	0.62(0.34~1.12)	0.80(0.31~2.06)	1.14(0.71~1.84)	1.73(1.21~2.49)
	60~	0.59(0.33~1.05)	0.96(0.39~2.37)	1.03(0.65~1.63)	1.58(1.11~2.25)
亲子交流方式	不交流	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	主动	0.91(0.34~2.40)	0.73(0.17~3.20)	2.52(1.06~5.99)	0.73(0.45~1.20)
	被动	0.72(0.52~1.01)	0.94(0.60~1.46)	1.45(1.18~1.80)	1.07(0.92~1.25)

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