新冠肺炎疫情期间学龄前儿童饮食行为及家庭影响因素分析

候芳; 陈艳琳; 郭青; 汤小燕; 万梓豪; 李丽

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.019

新冠肺炎疫情期间学龄前儿童饮食行为及家庭影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.019

候芳¹,
陈艳琳¹,
郭青²,
汤小燕²,
万梓豪³,
李丽^1, ,

1.
广东省深圳市罗湖区妇幼保健院儿童保健科，518000
2.
深圳市罗湖区海丽达新港鸿幼儿园
3.
华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健系

详细信息

作者简介:
候芳(1993-)，女，河南泌阳人，硕士，医师，主要从事儿童保健工作

通讯作者:
李丽，E-mail：1748852622@qq.com

中图分类号: G 78 R 153.2 R 151.3
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- 文章访问数: 660
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- PDF下载量: 48
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-13
- 修回日期: 2020-07-29
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-06
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-25

Eating behavior associated family factors of preschool children during the COVID-19 epidemic

1.
Department of Child Health Care, Luohu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen(518000), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称“新冠肺炎”)流行期间居家幼儿的饮食行为及影响因素，为指导学龄前儿童健康饮食提供科学依据。方法 2020年3月18—20日，整群抽取深圳市5所幼儿园共1 829名学龄前儿童进行电子问卷调查，采用SPSS 19.0对饮食行为的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果新冠肺炎疫情期间儿童不健康饮食行为发生率为47.2%，男生和女生分别为46.1%和48.4%，差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.02，P=0.31)；3，4，5及6岁的儿童分别为56.6%，56.8%，42.3%及29.9%，差异有统计学意义(χ²=72.17，P < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示，父亲文化程度高、母亲文化程度高及家长对儿童进食满意与儿童的饮食行为问题呈负相关(OR值分别为0.78，0.77，0.21)，家长允许孩子边吃边玩、在进餐时喜欢批评教育孩子、强迫孩子多吃、强迫孩子吃自己不喜欢的食物及担心孩子胃口与儿童饮食行为问题呈正相关(OR值分别为6.29，1.80，2.20，1.70，2.16)(P均 < 0.05)。结论新冠肺炎期间学龄前儿童的不健康饮食行为发生率较平时低，但仍需加强学龄前儿童家庭的饮食健康教育。
- 冠状病毒属 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 家庭 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童 /
- 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To investigate eating behavior and associated family factors of preschool children during the prevalence of Corona Virus Disease(COVID-19), and to provide scientific basis for healthy eating behavior for preschool children. Methods A total of 1 829 preschool children were investigated by electronic questionnaire from 5 kindergartens in Shenzhen from March 18-20, 2020. SPSS 19.0 was used to perform logistic regression analysis on the factors for eating behavior. Results The rate of unhealthy eating behavior during the prevalence of COVID-19 was 47.2%. The rate of unhealthy eating behaviors in boys and girls were 46.1% and 48.4%, respectively. And there was no significant difference between different genders(χ²=1.02, P=0.31). The rate of unhealthy eating behaviors of preschool children aged 3-, 4-, 5- and 6- were 56.6%, 56.8%, 42.3% and 29.9%, respectively, and the differences between different ages were significant(χ²=72.17, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that fathers' high education level, mothers' education level(OR=0.78, 0.77, 0.21), and parents' satisfaction with children's eating were associated with low nutritional problems of child, while parental permission to play while eating, criticize while eating, force child to eat more and force child to eat foods they do not like, and parental concerns about children's appetite, were associated with more unhealthy eating behavior(OR=6.29, 1.80, 2.20, 1.70, 2.16)(P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of unhealthy eating behaviors of preschool children during the prevalence of COVID-19 is lower than usual, but the health education of preschool children's families still needs to be strengthened.
- Coronavirus /
- Food habits /
- Family /
- Regression analysis /
- Child /
- preschool

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表 1 家庭因素对学龄前儿童饮食行为影响的单因素分析

Table 1. Univariate analysis of family factors regarding eating behavior of preschool children

家庭因素	选项	人数	不健康饮食行为人数	χ²值	P值
家庭类型	核心家庭	973	531(54.6)	8.97	0.03
	主干家庭	813	420(51.7)
	联合家庭	24	7(29.2)
	其他家庭	19	7(36.8)
家庭月收入/元	≤10 000	107	42(39.3)	8.58	0.01
	>10 000~30 000	756	400(52.9)
	>30 000	966	523(54.1)
父亲文化程度	高中及以下	230	91(39.6)	21.72	< 0.01
	本科及大专	1 287	689(53.5)
	硕士及以上	312	185(59.3)
母亲文化程度	高中及以下	253	104(41.1)	16.22	< 0.01
	本科及大专	1 364	742(54.4)
	硕士及以上	212	119(56.1)
注：核心家庭为父母和孩子组成的家庭；主干家庭为祖父母/外祖父母、父母及孩子组成的家庭；联合家庭为祖父母/外祖父母、父母、父母的兄弟姐妹(已婚)及孩子组成的家庭，或者父母、父母的兄弟姐妹(已婚)及孩子组成的家庭；其他家庭为单亲家庭、隔代家庭、再婚组合家庭等。()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 家长饮食行为态度对儿童饮食行为的影响单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of parental attitude towards child eating behaviors

家长饮食行为态度	选项	人数	不健康饮食行为人数	χ²值	P值
进餐时批评教育	是	447	130(29.1)	133.08	< 0.01
孩子	否	1 382	835(60.4)
强迫或惩罚孩子	是	275	57(20.7)	133.26	< 0.01
多吃	否	1 554	908(58.4)
允许孩子自主选择	是	1 647	875(53.1)	0.89	0.35
食物	否	182	90(49.5)
允许孩子边玩边吃	是	195	24(12.3)	143.32	< 0.01
	否	1 634	941(57.6)
引导孩子吃各种食	是	1 507	821(54.5)	10.14	< 0.01
物后会服从	否	322	144(44.7)
担心孩子胃口	是	1 201	504(42.0)	163.57	< 0.01
	否	628	461(73.4)
对孩子进食满意度	满意	1 396	892(63.9)	293.39	< 0.01
	不满意	433	73(16.9)
对孩子不喜欢食物	强制或哄骗	272	78(28.7)	74.36	< 0.01
的态度	不勉强	1 557	887(57.0)
注：()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 3 学龄前儿童饮食行为Logistic回归分析(n=1 829)

Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of preschool children's eating behavior (n=1 829)

家长饮食行为态度	B值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
批评教育	0.59	0.14	16.53	< 0.01	1.80(1.36~2.39)
强迫惩罚孩子多吃	0.79	0.19	16.92	< 0.01	2.20(1.51~3.20)
孩子可以边吃边玩	1.84	0.25	55.48	< 0.01	6.29(3.88~10.21)
对孩子的进食满意度	-1.57	0.16	100.33	< 0.01	0.21(0.15~0.28)
强迫孩子吃不喜欢的食物	0.53	0.18	9.10	< 0.01	1.70(1.20~2.39)
担心孩子胃口	0.77	0.12	38.62	< 0.01	2.16(1.69~2.75)
母亲文化程度	-0.26	0.13	4.01	0.05	0.77(0.59~0.99)
父亲文化程度	-0.25	0.12	4.07	0.04	0.78(0.62~0.99)

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