School adaptation and behavior of the first batch of college students returning to school during the COVID-19 epidemic
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摘要:
目的 分析新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间某高校首批返校大学生的学校适应情况及行为表现，为制定相应干预措施提供理论依据。 方法 采用方便抽样的方法对某高校首批返校的2 702名大学生进行匿名问卷调查，内容包括大学生的基本信息、返校后学校适应情况及相应行为表现等。 结果 男生对宿舍环境卫生满意度评分高于女生(t=10.28，P < 0.01)，对学校安保和后勤保障满意度评分低于女生(t=2.26，P=0.02)，农村大学生对学校封闭管理制度评分高于城市大学生(t=2.82，P=0.01)，非独生子女在安保后勤、防疫工作、学校对防疫的重视度评分及总评分均高于独生子女(P均 < 0.05)。若调查对象自身出现COVID-19疑似症状，选择立即就医的比例(68.1%)低于他人出现症状劝其就诊的比例(81.3%)(χ2=223.88，P < 0.01)。若调查对象自身出现COVID-19疑似症状，选择报告辅导员的比例(79.5%)低于他人出现症状劝其上报的比例(88.7%)(χ2=97.49，P < 0.01)。2 671名(98.9%)大学生能坚持每天戴口罩，2 457名(90.9%)大学生选择改善饮食以提高自身免疫力。 结论 首批返校大学生对学校各方面满意度较高，能够采取积极措施适应返校生活、做好自我防护，但仍需采取针对性措施进一步加强大学生健康教育。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the school adaptation and behavioral performance of the first batch of students who return to school during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to provide a theoretical basis for further development of corresponding intervention measures. Methods The method of cluster sampling was adopted to conduct anonymous questionnaire survey on the first batch of college students who have returned to a certain university. The survey contents included the basic information of the students, the adaptability of the school after returning to school and the corresponding behavior performance. Results Male students reported high lever of satisfaction than female students on the dormitory environment health (t=10.28, P < 0.01), but low satisfaction on school security and logistical support (t=2.26, P=0.02), rural students marked higher score than urban students for the school closed management system (t=2.82, P=0.01), in terns of school security, Logistics, the degree of school's attention to the epidemic prevention and epidemic prevention, non only-child gave high score than the only children; In terms of their own behavior, the rate of seek medical treatment immediately when they develop COVID-19 related symptoms (68.1%) was lower than that of others (81.3%)(χ2=223.88, P < 0.01);In addition, the percentage of respondents who chose to report COVID-19 related symptoms (79.5%) was lower than that of others (88.7%)(χ2=97.49, P < 0.01). A total of 2 671 college students (98.9%) were able to wear masks every day and 2 457 (90.9%) chose to improve their diet to improve their immunity. Conclusion The first batch of college students who return to school have a high level of satisfaction on school management, and can take active measures to adapt to the life back to school and commit self-protection, however targeted measures to are still needed further strengthen students' health education. -
Key words:
- Social adjustment /
- Health education /
- Behavior /
- Coronavirus /
- Students
1) 笃梦雪和邵志敏为并列第一作者。 -
表 1 不同组别大学生对学校满意度得分比较(x±s)
Table 1. Comparison of college satisfaction scores between different groups(x±s)
组别 选项 人数 统计值 食堂饭菜情况 宿舍环境卫生 封闭管理制度 安保和后勤保障 学校防疫工作 学校对防疫重视程度 总分 性别 男 673 2.98±0.98 3.52±0.77 3.17±1.05 3.58±0.82 3.86±0.82 4.04±0.84 21.15±4.15 女 2 029 2.98±0.83 3.17±0.80 3.22±0.90 3.66±0.71 3.84±0.70 4.05±0.74 20.91±3.75 t值 0.05 10.28 -1.06 -2.26 0.66 -0.18 1.36 P值 0.96 < 0.01 0.29 0.02 0.51 0.85 0.17 户籍所在地 城市 749 2.30±0.90 3.24±0.85 3.12±1.02 3.61±0.80 3.80±0.81 4.02±0.82 20.76±4.12 农村 1 953 2.99±0.86 3.26±0.79 3.24±0.90 3.65±0.71 3.86±0.70 4.06±0.75 20.05±3.56 t值 -0.53 -0.55 -2.82 -0.97 -1.77 -1.23 1.71 P值 0.59 0.58 0.01 0.33 0.08 0.22 0.09 独生子女 是 677 2.97±0.87 3.26±0.82 3.15±1.00 3.58±0.79 3.78±0.80 3.97±0.85 20.71±4.00 否 2 025 2.99±0.87 3.25±0.80 3.23±0.91 3.66±0.72 3.86±0.71 4.07±0.74 21.06±3.62 t值 -0.51 0.25 -1.90 -2.27 -2.20 -2.20 -2.01 P值 0.61 0.80 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 专业 医疗 835 3.06±0.87 3.31±0.82 3.25±0.95 3.64±0.78 3.83±0.76 4.02±0.81 21.11±3.92 药学 734 3.03±0.88 3.34±0.79 3.34±0.89 3.74±0.71 3.98±0.70 4.19±0.70 21.62±3.57 康复保健 591 3.00±0.85 3.25±0.80 3.16±0.96 3.61±0.72 3.82±0.71 3.99±0.76 20.83±3.63 护理 542 2.79±0.86 3.05±0.79 3.03±0.94 3.52±0.72 3.70±0.72 3.94±0.79 20.02±3.53 F值 11.91 11.96 12.45 9.68 15.93 13.57 20.42 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 
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表 2 不同组别学生对同学发生COVID-19疑似症状时的行为报告率比较
Table 2. Comparison of behavior reporting rates of students with COVID-19 suspected symptoms in different groups
组别 选项 人数 统计值 劝其就医 向辅导员报告 躲避以免被感染 增加消毒防护 不在意 性别 男 673 544(80.8) 577(85.7) 132(19.6) 527(78.3) 11(1.6) 女 2 029 1 654(81.5) 1 820(89.7) 397(19.6) 1 705(84.0) 19(0.9) χ2值 0.16 7.93 0.00 11.53 2.24 P值 0.69 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.13 户籍所在地 城市 749 626(83.6) 655(87.4) 187(25.0) 645(86.1) 11(1.5) 农村 1 953 1 572(80.5) 1 742(89.2) 342(17.5) 1 587(81.3) 19(1.0) χ2值 3.40 1.65 19.11 8.88 1.21 P值 0.07 0.20 < 0.01 0.00 0.27 独生子女 是 677 547(80.8) 587(86.7) 160(23.6) 563(83.2) 8(1.2) 否 2 025 1 651(81.5) 1 810(89.4) 369(18.2) 1 669(82.4) 22(1.1) χ2值 0.18 3.63 9.44 0.19 0.04 P值 0.67 0.06 0.00 0.66 0.84 专业 医疗 835 692(82.9) 734(87.9) 164(19.6) 691(82.8) 11(1.3) 药学 734 604(82.3) 650(88.6) 134(18.3) 613(83.5) 5(0.7) 康复保健 591 492(83.2) 528(89.3) 141(23.9) 493(83.4) 6(1.0) 护理 542 410(75.6) 485(89.5) 90(16.6) 435(80.3) 8(1.5) χ2值 14.73 1.12 10.73 2.79 2.27 P值 0.00 0.77 0.01 0.43 0.52 注：()内数字为报告率/%。
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表 3 不同组别学生自身出现COVID-19疑似症状时的行为报告率比较
Table 3. Comparison of behavior reporting rates of COVID-19 suspected symptoms in different groups
组别 选项 人数 统计值 立即就医 报告辅导员 自行服用降温药、感冒药等 不知所措 性别 男 673 462(68.6) 545(81.0) 107(15.9) 3(0.4) 女 2 029 1 378(67.9) 1 629(80.3) 196(9.7) 15(0.7) χ2值 0.13 0.16 19.76 0.66 P值 0.73 0.69 < 0.01 0.42 户籍所在地 城市 749 519(69.3) 600(80.1) 110(14.7) 4(0.5) 农村 1 953 1 321(67.6) 1 574(80.6) 193(9.9) 14(0.7) χ2值 0.68 0.08 12.55 0.27 P值 0.41 0.78 < 0.01 0.60 独生子女 是 677 460(67.9) 547(80.8) 95(14.0) 5(0.7) 否 2 025 1 380(68.1) 1 627(80.3) 208(10.3) 13(0.6) χ2值 0.01 0.07 7.21 0.07 P值 0.92 0.80 0.01 0.79 专业 医疗 835 603(72.2) 655(78.4) 119(14.3) 4(0.5) 药学 734 422(57.5) 605(82.4) 51(6.9) 3(0.4) 康复保健 591 442(74.8) 469(79.4) 83(14.0) 7(1.2) 护理 542 373(68.8) 445(82.1) 50(9.2) 4(0.7) χ2值 56.82 5.35 28.06 3.62 P值 < 0.01 0.15 < 0.01 0.31 注：()内数字为报告率/%。
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表 4 不同组别学生提高自身免疫力采取措施报告率比较
Table 4. Comparison of immune-boosting measures among college students with different characteristics
组别 选项 人数 统计值 改善饮食 体育锻炼 无任何措施 性别 男 673 582(86.5) 453(67.3) 41(6.1) 女 2 029 1 875(92.4) 990(48.8) 127(6.3) χ2值 21.66 69.64 0.02 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.88 户籍所在地 城市 749 670(89.5) 402(53.7) 52(6.9) 农村 1 953 1 787(91.5) 1 041(53.3) 116(5.9) χ2值 2.75 0.03 0.93 P值 0.10 0.86 0.33 独生子女 是 677 608(89.8) 352(52.0) 45(6.6) 否 2 025 1 849(91.3) 1 091(53.9) 123(6.1) χ2值 1.39 0.72 0.29 P值 0.24 0.40 0.59 专业 医疗 835 771(92.3) 469(56.2) 46(5.5) 药学 734 676(92.1) 404(55.0) 32(4.4) 康复保健 591 529(89.5) 335(56.7) 43(7.3) 护理 542 481(88.7) 235(43.4) 47(8.7) χ2值 7.80 27.89 11.80 P值 0.05 < 0.01 0.01 注：()内数字为报告率/%。
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