珠三角地区部分中小学生在校午餐营养供给状况评估

吴西梅; 黄伟雄; 邵义娟; 李晖; 杨静兰; 郭德亮; 马瑞清; 越静文

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.012

珠三角地区部分中小学生在校午餐营养供给状况评估

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.012

广东省疾病预防控制中心卫生化验所，广州 511430

详细信息

作者简介:
吴西梅(1971-)，女，湖北红安人，硕士，主任技师，主要从事食品营养成分分析与人群营养监测工作

通讯作者:
黄伟雄, E-mail：1404910229@qq.com

中图分类号: R 153.2 R 151.1 G 478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-05
- 修回日期: 2020-10-30
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-06
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-25

Nutritional of assessment school lunches for primary and secondary school students in the Pearl River Delta

Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou(511430), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解珠三角地区部分中小学学生餐的膳食能量和主要营养素供应情况，为提高学生餐营养质量和制定有效的学生营养干预措施提供科学依据。方法对珠三角地区的8所中小学3个年龄段学生的午餐进行连续5 d的膳食样品采集，通过化学分析法测定学生餐的营养成分含量，并与学生餐指南对应的营养素摄入标准进行对比分析。结果 8所中小学午餐蛋白质含量达到参考值的百分比范围为80%~95%，蛋白质供能比均达到17%以上；63%以上的学生午餐脂肪供能比超过推荐标准，各年龄段学生餐碳水化合物供能比为38.3%~42.3%，低于推荐标准；膳食维生素A、维生素B₁、维生素B₂、钙和碘等营养素供应不足，钠的摄入量超过推荐值。结论珠三角地区部分中小学生午餐中的主要营养素基本能够满足学生生长发育所需，但仍然存在部分维生素、矿物质供应不足及脂肪供能比过高的情况。建议对供餐企业加强营养培训和指导，提升营养午餐的科学搭配能力。
- 营养状况 /
- 膳食调查 /
- 能量摄取 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate nutritional quality of school lunch in some primary schools and middle schools in the Pearl River Delta, and to provide the scientific basis for improving the nutritional quality of students' lunch and formulating scientific and effective interventions. Methods Five-day lunch meal survey by chemical analysis were conducted, and students' lunch at school were recorded by meal review in three age groups from 8 primary and middle schools in the Pear River Delat area. The energy and nutrient content were obtained and compared with the reference intake of dietary nutrients of student. Results The average protein intake at lunch of all age groups had reached the recommended standard (80%-95%), the energy supply ratio of carbohydrate in the range of 38.3%-42.3%, the energy supply ratio of fat in 63% school meal exceeded the recommended standard. Vitamin A, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, calcium, iron and other nutrients were seriously inadequate; while sodium intake far exceeded the recommended standard. Conclusion The main nutrients of school lunch of primary and middle school in Pearl River Delta can basically meet the growth and development needs, but there are still some deficiency and unbalanced diet nutrient content which are lower than the recommended intake. It is recommended to strengthen nutrition education of catering enterprises and school to improve the scientific combination of diets.
- Nutritional status /
- Diet surveys /
- Energy intake /
- Students

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表 1 不同年龄段学生营养午餐营养素供给量(x ±s)

Table 1. Nutrient supply of lunch for students of different ages (x ±s)

年龄/岁	人数	能量/kcal	蛋白质/g	脂肪/g	碳水化合物/g	膳食纤维/g	维生素A/μg	硫胺素/mg		核黄素/mg
6~8	2 800	632.2±114.7	30.4±8.9	29.1±7.9	60.5±3.7	3.6±1.3	32.9±18.9	0.2±0.1		0.2±0.1
9~11	2 400	669.2±123.3	31.2±6.3	30.6±8.8	65.3±2.5	3.6±1.3	28.8±14.8	0.3±0.1		0.2±0.1
12~15	1 200	741.6±103.7	32.5±8.4	32.4±5.4	78.5±5.7	3.3±0.9	49.8±16.6	0.3±0.2		0.2±0.1

年龄/岁	人数	钙/mg	铁/mg	磷/mg	钠/mg	钾/mg	锌/mg	镁/mg	硒/μg	碘/μg
6~8	2 800	164.5±61.4	6.1±1.6	423.1±103.2	1 622.9±501.8	845.0±106.4	3.6±1.3	73.6±28.7	22.5±6.3	21.5±10.7
9~11	2 400	167.2±61.2	6.4±1.6	436.5±123.9	1 713.6±385.2	876.6±148.0	3.6±1.4	99.7±37.6	24.5±6.0	21.7±11.2
12~15	1 200	193.4±66.6	7.3±1.7	429.7±79.6	1397.4±172.5	779.2±140.3	3.8±1.1	100.8±27.2	23.2±8.9	24.4±12.4
注：1 kcal=4.18 kJ。

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表 2 不同年龄段学生营养午餐营养素供给量达到参考值的比例/%

Table 2. The proportion of nutrient supply to the reference value among students of different ages/%

年龄/岁	人数	能量	蛋白质		脂肪	碳水化合物	膳食纤维	维生素A	硫胺素	核黄素
6~8	2 800	46.0	95.0		67.0	33.0	0	0	0	0
9~11	2 400	42.0	95.0		75.0	27.0	0	0	0	0
12~15	1 200	53.0	80.0		63.0	41.6	0	0	0	0

年龄/岁	人数	钙	铁	磷	钠	钾	锌	镁	硒	碘
6~8	2 800	0	60.0	100.0	100.0	73.3	87.0	40.0	100.0	26.7
9~11	2 400	0	58.4	100.0	100.0	50.0	66.7	42.0	100.0	16.7
12~15	1 200	0	35.2	100.0	100.0	42.0	55.0	36.0	100.0	25.0

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表 3 不同年龄段学生餐宏量营养素维生素矿物质元素营养质量指数比较

Table 3. Index of nutrition quality of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals for students of different ages

年龄/岁	人数	宏量营养素						矿物质元素
年龄/岁	人数	蛋白质	脂肪	膳食纤维	维生素A	硫胺素	核黄素	钠	钾	钙	铁	锌	铜	硒	镁	磷	碘
6~8	2 800	1.84	1.14	0.67	0.37	0.56	0.22	3.26	1.36	0.35	0.71	1.36	1.62	3.88	0.81	2.18	0.58
9~11	2 400	1.79	1.41	0.81	0.36	0.59	0.22	3.51	1.32	0.35	0.69	1.30	1.31	3.65	0.95	1.95	0.58
12~15	1 200	1.65	1.40	0.84	0.22	0.69	0.16	2.99	0.99	0.55	0.89	1.24	1.32	3.53	0.72	1.94	0.69

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