Lunch satisfaction and leftovers among students of Changsha compulsory education schools
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摘要:
目的 了解长沙市义务教育学校企业供餐模式和学校自办食堂模式的午餐满意率及剩饭情况，为相关部门制定义务教育学校午餐改善措施及干预政策提供科学依据。 方法 于2018年4—5月采用分层随机整群抽样方法，抽取长沙市8所义务教育学校共2 203名中小学生进行午餐情况问卷调查。 结果 学生对午餐总体满意率为78.8%，其中女生、小学生午餐整体满意率分别高于男生、中学生，差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。午餐各指标总满意率中，饭菜卫生最高(76.0%)，饭菜口味最低(60.0%)。不同供餐模式比较，学校自办食堂饭菜份量的非常满意率更高(47.8%)，企业供餐学校就餐环境的非常满意率更高(43.7%)。学校午餐剩饭主要原因为“不喜欢某些食物”(63.8%)。企业供餐剩饭率(37.8%)高于学校自办食堂(30.6%)(χ2=12.81，P < 0.05)。 结论 2种供餐模式下饭菜口味和剩饭情况均有待进一步改善。应加强学校自办食堂的环境设施配备和午餐管理，以及企业供餐的出餐灵活度和与学生沟通反馈工作，家校联动引导教育学生健康饮食。 Abstract:Objective To understand lunch satisfaction and leftovers of Changsha compulsory education schools under different supply modes served by school canteens and specialized enterprises, and to provide scientific basis for the government to formulate school lunch improvement policies. Methods Multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to random select 2 203 students from 8 primary and secondary schools in Changsha who were administered with questionnair survey in April to May of 2018. Results For school lunch, the overall rate of satisfaction was 78.8%.The overall lunch satisfaction of female and primany school students were higher than that of male and junior high school students respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Totally 76.0% of students had the highest satisfaction in food hygiene and the lowest satisfaction rate was 60.0% in food taste. By comparing different supply modes, the overall satisfaction rate of meal quantity was higher (47.8%) under school canteens, and that of dining environment was relatively high (43.7%) under specialized enterprises. "Don't like some food" (63.8%) was the main reason for students' leftovers under the two supply modes. The lunch leftover rate of specialized enterprises (37.8%) was significantly higher than that of school cafeteria (30.6%)(χ2=12.81, P < 0.05). Conclusion The satisfaction of food taste and the rate of lunch leftovers need to be further improved. School canteens environment and management should be strengthened, as well as the flexibility and communication under specialized enterprises and family-school communication. The joint efforts by school and family are needed for healthy eating education. -
Key words:
- Diet surveys /
- Food habits /
- Questionnaires /
- Students
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表 1 长沙市义务教育学校午餐基本情况(n=8)
Table 1. General information on lunch supply of Changsha compulsory education schools (n=8)
午餐情况 组别 企业供餐 校办食堂 总计 宣传管理 有电子屏幕展示 2 0 2 有营养课程 4 2 6 有小卖部 2 1 3 有自动贩卖机 0 0 0 有零食广告 0 0 0 卫生规章制公示 4 4 8 就餐条件 学校提供饮用水 4 3 7 有专门就餐地点 3 2 5 水龙头配备>10个 2 2 4 午餐配备 有配餐软件 0 0 0 食谱公示及时更换 4 4 8 参考营养标准 2 2 4 套餐两菜一汤及以上 4 4 8 米饭量100 g以上 4 4 8 提供水果牛奶 0 0 0 食堂管理 公示健康证 4 4 8 餐饮专业人员配备齐全 1 1 2 接受营养知识培训 3 2 5 剩饭处理 教育学生和午餐定制 4 1 5 收餐企业回收 4 3 7 
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表 2 长沙市不同组别义务教育学校学生午餐总体满意情况分布比较
Table 2. Comparison of overall lunch satisfactions among students from Changsha compulsory education schools
组别 选项 人数 非常不满意 不太满意 一般 比较满意 非常满意 Z/χ2值 P值 供餐模式 企业供餐 1 042 13(1.2) 35(3.4) 160(15.4) 345(33.1) 489(46.9) -0.13 0.90 学校自办 1 161 30(2.6) 60(5.2) 169(14.6) 327(28.2) 575(49.5) 性别 男 1 145 29(2.5) 69(6.0) 158(13.8) 356(31.1) 533(46.6) -2.18 0.03 女 1 058 14(1.3) 26(2.5) 171(16.2) 316(29.9) 531(50.2) 年级 小二 729 16(2.2) 24(3.3) 77(10.6) 193(26.5) 419(57.5) 80.83 0.00 小五 806 4(0.5) 22(2.7) 98(12.2) 289(35.9) 393(48.8) 初二 668 23(3.4) 49(7.3) 154(23.1) 190(28.4) 252(37.7) 合计 2 203 43(2.0) 95(4.3) 329(14.9) 672(30.5) 1 064(48.3) 注：()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 3 长沙市义务教育学校学生不同供餐模式午餐各指标满意度比较
Table 3. Comparison of lunch satisfactions towards different indicators among students from Changsha compulsory education schools by supple modes
变量 供餐模式 人数 非常不满意 不太满意 一般 比较满意 非常满意 Z值 P值 就餐环境 企业供餐 682 2(0.3) 14(2.0) 116(17.0) 252(37.0) 298(43.7) -4.81 < 0.01 学校自办 792 34(4.3) 55(6.9) 164(20.7) 243(30.7) 296(37.4) 合计 1 474 36(2.4) 69(4.7) 280(19.0) 495(33.6) 594(40.3) 饭菜卫生 企业供餐 682 5(0.7) 27(4.0) 114(16.7) 204(29.9) 332(48.7) -1.45 0.15 学校自办 792 27(3.4) 34(4.3) 147(18.6) 209(26.4) 375(47.3) 合计 1 474 32(2.2) 61(4.1) 261(17.7) 413(28.0) 707(48.0) 饭菜外观 企业供餐 682 9(1.3) 32(4.7) 201(29.5) 237(34.7) 203(29.8) -0.41 0.68 学校自办 792 31(3.9) 58(7.3) 202(25.5) 217(27.4) 284(35.9) 合计 1 474 40(2.7) 90(6.1) 403(27.4) 454(30.8) 487(33.0) 饭菜份量 企业供餐 682 13(1.9) 27(4.0) 140(20.5) 235(34.5) 267(39.1) -2.67 0.01 学校自办 792 30(3.8) 28(3.5) 128(16.2) 227(28.7) 379(47.8) 合计 1 474 43(2.9) 55(3.7) 268(18.2) 462(31.3) 646(43.8) 饭菜口味 企业供餐 682 22(3.2) 39(5.7) 205(30.1) 242(35.5) 174(25.5) -0.63 0.53 学校自办 792 51(6.4) 53(6.7) 220(27.8) 203(25.6) 265(33.5) 合计 1 474 73(5.0) 92(6.2) 425(28.8) 445(30.2) 439(29.8) 食物搭配 企业供餐 682 12(1.8) 23(3.4) 142(20.8) 194(28.4) 311(45.6) -1.06 0.29 学校自办 792 33(4.2) 44(5.6) 143(18.0) 220(27.8) 352(44.4) 合计 1 474 45(3.1) 67(4.5) 285(19.3) 414(28.1) 663(45.0) 注：()内数字为构成比/%。
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