Impact of different myopia degree on sleep quality among adolescents in Baoshan District
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摘要:
目的 了解上海市宝山区青少年近视患病率和睡眠质量的现状，进一步分析不同近视程度对睡眠质量的影响。 方法 通过分层整群随机的方法抽取上海市宝山区777名9~16岁青少年，对其进行眼科检查和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数中文版量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)、相关因素问卷调查。 结果 上海市宝山区青少年人群近视及睡眠障碍患病率分别为68.08%，13.77%，随着年龄、年级的增高，近视及睡眠障碍患病率越高(χ2值分别为139.58，144.17；58.00，56.41，P值均＜0.01)；不同近视程度组的睡眠障碍差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.57，P＜0.01)；进一步比较各睡眠质量维度，其中睡眠时间、日间功能及PSQI总分间的差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为9.65，7.22，4.38，P值均＜0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示，中、高度近视是影响青少年睡眠质量的危险因素(β值分别为0.87，0.95，OR值分别为2.38，2.59，P值均＜0.05)。 结论 上海市宝山区青少年近视和睡眠障碍患病率较高，且近视可在一定程度上影响青少年的睡眠质量。近视程度高的青少年，其发生睡眠障碍的风险较高。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence of myopia and sleep quality among adolescents in Baoshan District of Shanghai, and to further analyze the association between different degree of myopia on sleep quality. Methods A total of 777 adolescents aged 9-16 years were selected by stratified cluster random method, and ophthalmology examination and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Chinese version scale and related factors questionnaire were conducted. Results The prevalence rates of myopia and sleep disorders were 68.08% and 13.77% respectively in Baoshan District of Shanghai. With the increase of age and grade, the prevalence of myopia and sleep disorder increased(χ2=139.58, 114.17;58.00, 56.41, P < 0.01).There were significant differences in sleep disorders among different degree of myopia groups (χ2=24.57, P < 0.01), including sleep time, progressive function and PSQI total score were statistically significant (F=9.65, 7.22, 4.38, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that moderate to high and high myopia were risk factors for sleep quality of adolescents (β=0.87, 0.95, OR=2.38, 2.59, P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of myopia and sleep disorder among adolescents in Baoshan District of Shanghai is high, myopia shows impacts on sleep quality of adolescents at a certain level. Adolescents with high myopia have a higher risk of sleep disorders. -
Key words:
- Myopia /
- Prevalence /
- Sleep disorders /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同人口统计学特征青少年的近视程度比较
Table 1. Comparison of myopia severity among adolescents with different demographic characteristics
人口统计学指标 人数 轻度 中度 高度 χ2值 P值 性别 男 399 138(34.59) 106(26.57) 33(8.27) 0.79 >0.05 女 378 125(33.07) 99(26.19) 28(7.41) 年龄/岁 9~10 183 63(34.43) 17(9.29) 3(1.64) 139.58 ＜0.01 11 121 51(42.15) 21(17.36) 2(1.65) 12 130 43(33.08) 37(28.46) 10(7.69) 13 125 40(32.00) 49(39.20) 19(15.20) 14 133 36(27.07) 51(38.35) 19(14.29) 15~16 85 30(35.29) 30(35.29) 8(9.41) 年级 四 153 58(37.91) 13(8.50) 0 144.17 ＜0.01 五 132 46(34.85) 19(14.39) 5(3.79) 六 109 44(40.37) 25(22.94) 7(6.42) 初一 112 37(33.04) 37(33.04) 11(9.82) 初二 131 44(33.59) 53(40.46) 21(16.03) 初三 140 34(24.29) 58(41.43) 17(12.14) 注：()内数字为检出率/%。 
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表 2 不同人口统计学特征青少年睡眠障碍检出率比较
Table 2. Comparison of prevalence of sleep disorders among adolescents with different demographic background
人口统计学指标 选项 人数 睡眠障碍人数 χ2值 P值 性别 男 399 57(14.29) 0.38 >0.05 女 378 50(13.23) 年龄/岁 9~10 183 9(4.92) 58.00 ＜0.01 11 121 8(6.61) 12 130 11(8.46) 13 125 19(15.2) 14 133 40(30.08) 15~16 85 20(23.53) 年级 四 153 6(3.92) 56.41 ＜0.01 五 132 11(8.33) 六 109 6(5.5) 初一 112 17(15.18) 初二 131 25(19.08) 初三 140 42(30.00) 注：()内数字为检出率/%。
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表 3 不同视力组青少年睡眠质量各维度得分及总分比较(x ±s)
Table 3. Comparison of sleep quality dimensions and total scores of adolescents with different visual acuity (x ±s)
组别 人数 睡眠质量 入睡时间 睡眠时间 睡眠效率 睡眠障碍 催眠药物 日间功能 PSQI总分 正视组 248 0.72±0.64 0.52±0.70 0.31±0.68 0.13±0.45 0.58±0.55 0.00±0.00 0.85±0.95 3.11±2.53 轻度近视组 263 0.64±0.68 0.51±0.75 0.40±0.70 0.15±0.47 0.56±0.54 0.01±0.12 1.08±0.97 3.37±2.48 中度近视组 205 0.80±0.74 0.55±0.73 0.61±0.75 0.10±0.37 0.59±0.58 0.00±0.00 1.23±1.02 3.86±2.60 重度近视组 61 0.79±0.64 0.49±0.73 0.70±0.76 0.19±0.53 0.56±0.59 0.00±0.00 1.30±0.94 4.05±2.53 F值 2.05 0.13 9.65 1.17 0.19 0.65 7.22 4.38 P值 0.11 0.95 ＜0.01 0.32 0.91 0.58 ＜0.01 ＜0.01
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表 4 宝山区青少年睡眠质量影响因素Logistic回归分析(n=777)
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis on influencing factors of sleep quality of adolescents in Baoshan District(n=777)
自变量 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(OR值95%CI) 近视程度 轻度 0.34 0.33 1.04 0.31 1.41(0.73~2.70) 中度 0.87 0.33 6.93 0.01 2.38(1.25~4.54) 重度 0.95 0.42 5.15 0.02 2.59(1.14~5.88) 学习压力 不太紧张有点压力 0.96 0.75 1.63 0.20 2.61(0.60~11.43) 紧张有压力 2.13 0.76 7.91 0.01 8.39(1.91~36.96) 每天读写时间* 0.57 0.14 16.26 0.00 1.77(1.34~2.33) 每天使用电子产品时间* 0.66 0.18 13.29 0.00 1.94(1.36~2.78) 每天体育运动时间* -0.46 0.17 7.78 0.01 0.63(0.45~0.87) 每天户外骑行* -0.92 0.23 16.86 0.00 0.40(0.26~0.62) 注：*为连续性变量。
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