中小学生近视相关健康信念与屏幕时间的相关性

王丽蒙; 何鲜桂; 谢辉; 徐文燕; 潘臣炜; 王向东

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.006

中小学生近视相关健康信念与屏幕时间的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.02.006

1.
上海市静安区疾病预防控制中心学校眼防科，200072
2.
上海市眼病防治中心防保科
3.
苏州大学医学部公共卫生学院

基金项目:

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金 2019 HY320001

上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划优秀人才培养计划 GWV-10.2-XD09

上海市眼病防治中心第三轮人才培养项目 15GWZK0601-QJN16

详细信息

作者简介:
王丽蒙(1989-)，女，上海市人，大学本科，主管医师，主要研究方向为学校卫生

通讯作者:
王向东, E-mail：wxd1213@live.com

中图分类号: R 179 G 479 R 778.11
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- 文章访问数: 695
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-29
- 修回日期: 2020-10-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-06
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-25

Myopia-related health belief and screen time of primary and secondary school students

1.
Department of School Children Eye Disease Prevention, Shanghai Jing'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai(200072), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解上海市静安区中小学生近视相关健康信念因素及其与屏幕时间的相关性, 为减少屏幕时间和预防近视提供健康宣教相关政策建议。方法采用整群抽样的方法选取上海市静安区内1所小学与1所初中的一至八年级1 585名学生进行问卷调查, 分析近视相关健康信念因素持有情况、屏幕时间情况及两者的相关性。结果 18.8%~44.4%的学生具备近视相关的易感性信念, 且随着年级上升而上升(χ_趋势²=33.25，P < 0.01)；51.5%~78.0%的学生具备近视相关严重性信念，39.3%~55.6%的学生具备近视相关的威胁性信念, 48.7%~77.5%的学生具备预防近视相关的自我效能, 均随年级上升而下降。超过47.6%的学生每日屏幕时间＞2 h，每日屏幕时间随着年级上升而上升(χ_趋势²=12.18，P < 0.01)。近视相关严重性信念、威胁性信念和自我效能认知均对学生屏幕时间情况有影响。结论静安区中小学生对近视易感性、威胁性认知较差，而对近视的严重性及预防近视的自我效能认知较好。同时，近50%学生存在电子屏幕使用时间过长或用眼距离过近的现象。应通过加强学生近视易感性、威胁性、预防近视自我效能的相关认知, 改善学生屏幕时间情况, 从而预防近视的发生发展。
- 近视 /
- 健康教育 /
- 注视，眼 /
- 时间 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the correlation between myopia related health belief and screen time of primary and secondary school students in Jing'an District of Shanghai, and to provide suggestions for reducing screen time and preventing myopia. Methods Using the method of cluster sampling, 1 585 students from grade one to grade eight of a primary school and a junior high school in Jing'an District were selected for a questionnaire survey regarding myopia related health belief, screen time and the correlation between them. Results About 18.8%-44.4% of the students perceived themselves as myopia susceptible, which increased with grade (χ²=33.25, P < 0.01), 51.5%-78.0% of the students were aware of the adverse health impart of myopia, 39.3%-55.6% of the students were aware of unhealthy behaviors associated with myopia and 48.7%-77.5% of the students. More than 47.6% of the students' daily screen time was more than 2 h/day, and daily screen time increased with grade (χ²=12.18, P < 0.01). Perceived susceptibility for myopia, awareness on adverse health impact of myopia and unhealthy behaviors associated with myopia, as well as self-efficacy associated with myopia prevention were associated with screen time of students. Conclusion The primary and middle school students in Jing'an District show low lever of knowledge on myopia susceptibility and threat, but higher lever of knowledge on myopia severity and self-efficacy of preventing myopia. nearly half of the students use electronic screens too long or too close to their eyes. Awareness on myopia susceptibility, myopia-related behaviors and health impacts of myopia and self-efficacy, combined with screen time reduction might help myopia prevention.
- Myopia /
- Health education /
- Fixation, ocular /
- Time /
- Students

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表 1 不同年级学生近视相关信念以及电子屏幕使用报告率比较

Table 1. Distribution of myopia related beliefs and electronic screen usage among students in different grades

年级	人数	近视相关信念							电子屏幕使用
年级	人数	容易近视	近视影响学习和生活	近视会影响未来就业	某些用眼行为习惯会导致近视	某些用眼行为习惯需要改正	改正某些用眼行为后可以预防近视的发生发展	可以一直坚持良好的用眼行为习惯	屏幕时间＞2 h/d	台式电脑用眼距离＜50 cm	平板电脑用眼距离＜25 cm	手机用眼距离＜25 cm
一至二	409	77(18.8)	319(78.0)	225(55.0)	169(41.3)	217(53.1)	317(77.5)	236(57.7)	235(57.5)	343(83.9)	215(52.6)	289(70.7)
三至五	455	132(29.0)	344(75.6)	238(52.3)	204(44.8)	221(48.6)	320(70.3)	250(54.9)	260(57.1)	384(84.4)	277(60.9)	307(67.5)
初中组	721	320(44.4)	517(71.7)	371(51.5)	401(55.6)	283(39.3)	420(58.3)	351(48.7)	343(47.6)	617(85.6)	400(55.5)	504(69.9)
χ_趋势²值		33.25	6.82	0.67	13.29	28.81	32.07	33.66	12.18	0.65	0.34	0.01
P值		< 0.01	＜0.05	＞0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05
注：()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 不同近视信念因素间中学生电子屏幕使用情况比较

Table 2. Differences of usage in electronic devices between groups with different myopia belief factors

自变量	选项	人数	每日屏幕时间>2 h				台式电脑用眼距离>50 cm
自变量	选项	人数	检出人数	检出率/%	χ²值	矫正OR值(OR值95%CI)	检出人数	检出率/%	χ²值	矫正OR值(OR值95%CI)
容易近视	是	529	280	52.9	0.00	0.91(0.72~1.15)	444	83.9	0.46	0.79(0.57~1.09)
	否	1 056	558	52.8			900	85.2
近视影响学习和生活	是	1 180	606	51.4	4.25^*	0.85(0.66~1.11)	994	84.2	1.11	0.96(0.67~1.39)
	否	405	232	57.3			350	86.4
近视会影响未来就业	是	834	429	51.4	1.45	0.99(0.79~1.24)	699	83.8	1.32	0.92 (0.68~1.25)
	否	751	409	54.5			645	85.9
某些用眼行为习惯会导致近视	是	774	425	54.9	2.52	0.34(0.07~0.68)	656	84.8	0.00	1.04(0.76~1.42)
	否	811	413	50.9			688	84.8
某些用眼行为习惯需要改正	是	721	375	52.0	0.39	0.88(0.71~1.09)	607	84.2	0.38	0.94(0.70~1.27)
	否	864	463	53.6			737	85.3
改正某些用眼行为后可以预防近视的发生发展	是	1 057	528	50.0	10.84^*	0.72(0.57~0.91)	890	84.2	0.87	1.00(0.72~1.38)
	否	528	310	58.7			454	86.0
可以一直坚持良好的用眼行为习惯	是	837	404	48.3	15.08^*	0.72(0.58~0.89)	685	81.8	12.01^*	0.59(0.44~0.80)
	否	748	434	58.0			659	88.1

自变量	选项	人数	平板电脑用眼距离>25 cm				手机用眼距离>25 cm
自变量	选项	人数	检出人数	检出率/%	χ²值	矫正OR值(OR值95%CI)	检出人数	检出率/%	χ²值	矫正OR值(OR值95%CI)
容易近视	是	529	309	58.4	1.47	1.16(0.91~1.46)	373	70.5	0.46	0.99(0.77~1.28)
	否	1 056	583	55.2			727	68.8
近视影响学习和生活	是	1 180	645	54.7	4.91^*	0.83(0.64~1.08)	811	68.7	0.98	0.90(0.68~1.20)
	否	405	247	61.0			289	71.4
近视会影响未来就业	是	834	462	55.4	0.56	1.06(0.85~1.32)	581	69.7	0.06	1.13(0.89~1.43)
	否	751	430	57.3			519	69.1
某些用眼行为习惯会导致近视	是	774	421	54.4	2.18	0.84(0.67~1.05)	540	69.8	0.10	1.01(0.79~1.28)
	否	811	471	58.1			560	69.1
某些用眼行为习惯需要改正	是	721	388	53.8	3.26	0.87(0.70~1.08)	500	69.3	0.00	0.97(0.77~1.22)
	否	864	504	58.3			600	69.4
改正某些用眼行为后可以预防近视的发生发展	是	1 057	584	55.3	1.36	1.06(0.84~1.33)	724	68.5	1.22	0.99(0.77~1.27)
	否	528	308	58.3			376	71.2
可以一直坚持良好的用眼行为习惯	是	837	435	52.0	13.37^*	0.70(0.56~0.86)	543	64.9	17.11^*	0.62(0.50~0.78)
	否	748	457	61.1			557	74.5
注：*P < 0.05。

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