西安市2014—2018年病区村8~12岁儿童氟斑牙状况

董璐; 姚培杰; 李平; 时学花; 陈伟; 何姗姗

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.029

西安市2014—2018年病区村8~12岁儿童氟斑牙状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.029

陕西省西安市疾病预防控制中心地方病预防控制科，710054

详细信息

作者简介:
董璐(1985-)，女，山西运城人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事地方病防治工作

通讯作者:
何姗姗，E-mail: 381192402@qq.com

中图分类号: R 788 R 181.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-23
- 修回日期: 2020-07-07
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-25

Dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 in diseased areas in Xi 'an City from 2014 to 2018

Department of Endemic Disease, Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an(710054), China

摘要

摘要: 目的动态监测西安市饮水型氟中毒病区改水后水氟和儿童氟斑牙病情变化趋势，为改水降氟提供科学依据。方法 2014—2018年在西安市选择10个区县的35个病区村作为固定监测点，调查改水方式、水氟含量和8~12岁儿童氟斑牙病情。结果 2014—2018年病区村水氟含量超标率分别为22.86%，14.29%，11.43%，11.43%和8.57%，差异有统计学意义(χ²=16.44，P < 0.01)。各年度间8~12岁儿童氟斑牙总检出率依次为20.89%，18.22%，17.46%，18.13%，16.76%，且呈逐年下降趋势(χ_趋势²=10.02，P < 0.01)。8，9岁组儿童氟斑牙检出率各年度间比较，呈逐年下降的趋势(χ_趋势²值分别为6.53，4.54，P值均 < 0.05)。水氟含量超标村儿童氟斑牙总检出率、轻度及以下、中度及以上检出率与水氟含量合格村比较，差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为179.22，167.93，10.35，P值均 < 0.01)。水氟含量超标病区村各年度间的氟斑牙检出率呈逐年下降趋势(χ_趋势²=28.50，P < 0.01)。市政供水、低氟井与除氟处理3种改水方式儿童氟斑牙检出率差异有统计学意义(χ²=197.76，P < 0.01)。市政供水各年度间儿童氟斑牙检出率呈逐年下降趋势(χ_趋势²=12.16，P < 0.01)。结论市政供水改水降氟效果显著，其他改水方式仍有部分病区村水氟及儿童氟斑牙检出率未达标，应继续加强改水后水氟含量和儿童氟斑牙病情监测。
- 氟 /
- 水污染 /
- 氟中毒，牙 /
- 患病率 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the dynamic prevalence of dental fluorosis of children and levels of fluoride in drinking water after improvement of water in Xi 'an City, to provide scientific basis for water fluoridation improvement. Methods A total of 35 fluorosis endemic villages were selected as fixed monitor sites in 2014-2018, the ways of water improvement were surveyed, water fluorine content were detected and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years were examined. Results Rates of excess fluoride in drinking water from 2014 to 2018 were 22.86%, 14.29%, 11.43%, 11.43% and 8.57%, the difference were significant(χ²=16.44, P < 0.01).The dental fluorosis detection rates of children aged 8 to 12 years were 20.89%, 18.22%, 17.46%, 18.13% and 16.76% in 2014-2018 which showed a obvious descending trend by year(χ²=10.02, P < 0.01). The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 and 9 years showed a decreasing trend by year(χ²=6.53, 4.54, P < 0.05).The difference of total rate of dental fluorisis, rate of mild cases rate of moderate-to-severe cases were statistically between the villages without qualified water and the villages with normal fluorine water(χ²=179.22, 167.93, 10.35, P < 0.01). The rate of detection in the villages with the water fluorine exceed standard in 2014-2018 showed a declining trend year by year(χ²=28.50, P < 0.01). The detection rate were significant different across water improvement methods (χ²=197.76, P < 0.01). Detection rate of dental fluorosis decreased from 2014 to 2018 in the areas with municipal water supply showed a decreasing after year(χ²=12.16, P < 0.01). Conclusion The improvement of municipal water supply shows significant effects on water fluorosis control, the detection rate of water fluoride and children's dental fluorosis in some villages with the other ways of water improvement are still higher than expected, the continuously monitor of fluoride content in water and dental fluorosis in children should be strengthened.
- Fluorine /
- Wate pollution /
- Fluorosis, dental /
- Prevalence /
- Child

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表 1 西安市2014—2018年饮水型氟中毒监测村8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出情况

Table 1. Detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 years in monitor villages of drinking water fluorosis in Xi'an City from 2014 to 2018

年份	8岁组		9岁组		10岁组		11岁组		12岁组		合计		氟斑牙指数
年份	人数	氟斑牙人数	人数	氟斑牙人数	人数	氟斑牙人数	人数	氟斑牙人数	人数	氟斑牙人数	人数	氟斑牙人数	氟斑牙指数
2014	418	57(13.64)	502	77(15.34)	461	93(20.17)	442	111(25.11)	413	129(31.23)	2 236	467(20.89)	0.44
2015	586	55(9.39)	488	62(12.70)	557	93(16.70)	493	105(21.30)	571	176(30.82)	2 695	491(18.22)	0.40
2016	471	41(8.70)	399	46(11.53)	460	74(16.09)	433	90(20.79)	477	140(29.35)	2 240	391(17.46)	0.35
2017	432	39(9.09)	455	53(11.65)	410	79(19.27)	465	99(21.99)	422	126(29.86)	2 184	396(18.13)	0.34
2018	422	33(7.82)	418	45(10.77)	457	75(16.41)	401	83(20.70)	438	122(27.85)	2 136	358(16.76)	0.32
合计	2 329	225(9.66)	2 262	283(12.51)	2 345	414(17.65)	2 234	488(21.84)	2 321	693(29.86)	11 491	2 103(18.30)	0.37
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 西安市2014—2018年不同水氟含量监测村8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出情况

Table 2. Detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years in monitor villages with different water fluoride in Xi'an City from 2014 to 2018

水氟	年份	人数	氟斑牙人数	氟斑牙分度				氟斑牙指数
水氟	年份	人数	氟斑牙人数	极轻	轻度	中度	重度	氟斑牙指数
合格	2014	1 810	303(16.74)	108	162	18	15	0.38
	2015	2 390	393(16.44)	186	115	62	30	0.37
	2016	2 040	325(15.93)	175	79	64	7	0.32
	2017	1 846	307(16.63)	177	93	31	6	0.31
	2018	1 890	310(16.40)	157	119	23	11	0.31
超标	2014	426	164(38.50)	85	53	20	6	0.70
	2015	305	98(32.13)	46	41	8	3	0.64
	2016	200	66(33.00)	31	24	7	4	0.62
	2017	338	89(26.33)	53	29	7	0	0.49
	2018	246	48(19.51)	19	21	7	1	0.42
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 西安市2014—2018年不同改水方式监测村8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出情况

Table 3. Detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 years in monitor villages with different water improvement methods in Xi'an City from 2014 to 2018

改水方式	年份	人数	氟斑牙人数	氟斑牙分度				氟斑牙指数
改水方式	年份	人数	氟斑牙人数	极轻	轻度	中度	重度	氟斑牙指数
市政供水	2014	131	32(24.43)	23	7	2	0	0.38
	2015	235	48(20.43)	24	19	4	1	0.39
	2016	264	46(17.42)	34	8	4	0	0.31
	2017	284	48(16.90)	37	9	2	0	0.26
	2018	280	32(11.43)	19	13	0	0	0.20
低氟井	2014	1 939	371(19.13)	131	186	33	21	0.43
	2015	2 301	380(16.51)	169	115	64	32	0.38
	2016	1 844	299(16.21)	149	79	60	11	0.33
	2017	1 739	289(16.62)	161	95	27	6	0.32
	2018	1 747	283(16.20)	139	110	22	12	0.32
除氟处理	2014	166	64(38.55)	39	22	3	0	0.61
	2015	159	63(39.62)	39	22	2	0	0.66
	2016	132	46(34.85)	23	16	7	0	0.63
	2017	161	59(36.65)	32	18	9	0	0.67
	2018	109	43(39.45)	18	17	8	0	0.79
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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