新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间大学生体育锻炼行为及影响因素

王克平; 王彦英; 李园园

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.021

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间大学生体育锻炼行为及影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.021

1.
北京物资学院体育部, 北京 101149
2.
国家卫生健康委科学技术研究所

详细信息

作者简介:
王克平(1985-)，男，山东平阴人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为体育教学与训练

通讯作者:
李园园，E-mail：sd-liyuanyuan@163.com

中图分类号: G 806 R 179
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- 文章访问数: 910
- HTML全文浏览量: 405
- PDF下载量: 57
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-18
- 修回日期: 2020-09-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-25

Physical exercises and associated factors among college students during COVID-19 pandemic

1.
Department of Physical Education, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing(101149), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称“新冠肺炎”)疫情期间大学生体育锻炼行为现状及影响因素，为促进大学生居家体育锻炼提供参考。方法方便抽取北京市6所高校1 132名大学生利用问卷星进行体育锻炼行为与影响因素问卷调查。结果 1 033名(91.25%)大学生居家参与体育锻炼，每周锻炼频次为(3.33±1.99)次，每次锻炼时长为(39.24±13.23)min，锻炼强度主观感觉值为(2.61±0.99)。不同性别大学生锻炼频次、时长和强度差异均有统计学意义，不同年级和居住地大学生锻炼频次差异有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)；不同性别、居住地大学生锻炼项目差异有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)；不同锻炼动机大学生锻炼行为差异有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年级、缺乏锻炼兴趣、场地受限、器械不全、家庭运动氛围、学校要求是大学生居家参与体育锻炼行为的影响因素(P值均 < 0.05)。结论大学生居家体育锻炼现状有待改善，应结合大学生锻炼动机和锻炼项目特征，基于学校体育教学，建立家庭-学校-社会的网络互动平台，形成有效联动机制，促进大学生居家积极参与体育锻炼的行为。
- 冠状病毒属 /
- 身体锻炼 /
- 健康教育 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand physical exercises and associated factors among college students COVID-19 pandemic, and to provide a reference for promoting physical exercise of college students at home. Methods A convenient questionnaire survey was used to investigate the physical exercise and associated factors of 1 132 college students in 6 colleges in Beijing. Results A total of 1 033(91.25%) college students participated in physical exercise; with an average of(3.33±1.99)times per week, the length of each exercise was (39.24±13.23)min, and the subjective sense of exercise intensity was(2.61±0.99). Differences in exercise frequency, duration and intensity differed significantly by gender(P < 0.05). Differences in exercise frequency were significantly by grades and places of residence(P < 0.05). The exercise items of college students differed by genders and places of residence were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Students with different exercise motivations showed significant differences in exercise behaviors(P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that grade, lack of interest in exercise, limited venues, incomplete equipment, family sports atmosphere, and school requirements were associated with participation in physical exercise behavior at home(P < 0.05). Conclusion The status of home physical exercise for college students needs to be improved. It is necessary to combine college students' exercise motivation and characteristics of exercise items based on school physical education, and to establish a family-school-society network interactive platform to form an effective linkage mechanism to promote college students' active participation in physical exercise at home.
- Coronavirus /
- Exercise movement techniques /
- Health education /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 不同人口统计学特征大学生体育锻炼负荷比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of physical exercise load of college students with different demographic characteristics (x±s)

人口统计学指标		人数	统计值	每周锻炼频次/次	每次锻炼时长/min	锻炼强度
性别	男	461		3.51±2.06	40.90±14.83	2.52±0.98
	女	572		3.19±1.89	37.89±11.62	2.67±0.99
			F值	6.43	13.35	5.67
			P值	0.01	0.00	0.02
年级	大一	459		3.48±2.02	39.28±12.96	2.61±0.94
	大二	340		3.51±2.09	40.54±14.18	2.63±0.99
	大三	181		2.86±1.73	37.97±12.40	2.58±1.05
	大四	53		2.59±1.32	37.08±11.24	2.55±0.99
			F值	7.72	2.13	0.15
			P值	0.00	0.10	0.93
居住地	城镇	676		3.43±2.01	38.81±12.73	2.57±0.95
	农村	357		3.15±1.94	40.04±14.11	2.68±1.05
			F值	4.55	2.03	2.69
			P值	0.03	0.15	0.10

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表 2 不同人口统计学特征大学生体育锻炼项目选择率比较

Table 2. Comparison of selection rates of physical exercise items among college students with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标		人数	统计值	形体减脂	力量健身	瑜伽	跑步	跳绳	球类	健美操	武术	其他
性别	男	461		82(17.78)	221(47.94)	36(7.81)	140(30.37)	57(12.36)	80(17.35)	17(3.68)	16(3.47)	22(4.77)
	女	572		280(48.95)	67(11.71)	217(37.94)	102(17.83)	99(17.31)	64(11.18)	107(18.71)	10(1.75)	13(2.27)
			χ²值	108.91	166.61	125.29	22.37	4.87	8.09	54.51	3.09	4.87
			P值	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.08	0.03
年级	大一	459		174(37.91)	124(27.02)	115(25.05)	117(25.49)	71(15.47)	56(12.20)	63(13.72)	10(2.18)	8(1.74)
	大二	340		117(34.41)	101(29.71)	83(24.41)	71(20.88)	53(15.59)	54(15.59)	40(11.76)	11(3.23)	15(4.41)
	大三	181		51(28.17)	44(24.31)	45(24.86)	42(23.20)	23(12.71)	25(13.81)	15(8.29)	4(2.21)	9(4.97)
	大四	53		20(37.73)	19(35.85)	10(18.86)	12(22.6)	9(16.98)	9(16.98)	6(11.32)	1(1.89)	3(5.66)
			χ²值	5.88	3.56	1.00	2.34	1.07	2.64	3.70	1.08	7.11
			P值	0.12	0.31	0.80	0.51	0.79	0.45	0.30	0.78	0.07
居住地	城镇	676		272(40.23)	216(31.95)	186(27.51)	145(21.45)	87(12.87)	84(12.42)	87(12.87)	15(2.21)	22(3.25)
	农村	357		90(25.21)	72(20.17)	67(18.77)	97(27.17)	69(19.33)	60(16.81)	37(10.36)	11(3.08)	13(3.64)
			χ²值	23.17	16.14	9.67	4.26	7.60	3.74	1.39	0.71	0.11
			P值	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.01	0.53	0.24	0.40	0.74
注：()内数字为选择率/%。

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表 3 不同锻炼动机大学生体育锻炼负荷比较(x±s)

Table 3. Comparison of physical exercise load of college students with different exercise motivations (x±s)

锻炼动机	人数	每周锻炼频次/次	每次锻炼时长/min	锻炼强度(主观感觉值)
强身健体	194	3.86±2.11	42.22±16.14	2.74±0.92
减肥塑形	232	3.73±2.10	39.44±12.72	2.75±1.13
提高免疫力	95	3.38±1.89	37.42±12.73	2.44±0.83
强身健体和提高免疫力	101	3.42±2.02	41.44±14.57	2.55±1.02
减肥塑形和提高免疫力	103	3.39±1.98	38.45±11.25	2.56±0.72
其他动机	308	2.64±1.47	37.79±11.39	2.51±0.96
F值		13.46	3.74	0.01
P值		0.00	0.00	3.05

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表 4 疫情期间大学生体育锻炼行为影响因素单因素Logistic回归分析(n=1 132)

Table 4. Single factor Logistic regression analysis of factors affecting college students' physical exercise behavior during COVID-19 pandemic(n=1 132)

自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
性别	0.19	0.22	0.79	0.38	1.21(0.79~1.85)
居住地	0.04	0.22	0.03	0.86	1.04(0.67~1.60)
年级	0.90	0.22	16.66	0.00	2.46(1.60~3.80)
缺乏锻炼兴趣	-1.70	0.22	59.97	0.00	5.46(3.55~8.38)
场地受限	-1.85	0.32	34.61	0.00	6.38(3.44~11.82)
器械不全	-1.62	0.25	42.77	0.00	5.04(3.10~8.18)
网络宣传不够	-0.97	0.22	19.81	0.00	2.63(1.72~4.03)
学校要求	1.16	0.24	23.63	0.00	3.18(2.00~5.08)
缺乏监督	-0.70	0.28	6.32	0.01	2.00(1.17~3.44)
同学影响	1.19	0.24	25.51	0.00	3.28(2.07~5.20)
家庭运动氛围	0.75	0.23	10.83	0.00	2.12(1.36~3.33)
缺乏激励	-0.24	0.23	1.03	0.31	1.27(0.80~2.00)

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表 5 疫情期间大学生体育锻炼行为影响因素多因素Logistic回归分析(n=1 132)

Table 5. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of factors affecting college students' physical exercise behavior during COVID-19 pandemic (n=1 132)

自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
年级	0.80	0.24	10.91	0.00	2.23(1.39~3.58)
缺乏锻炼兴趣	-1.46	0.28	26.72	0.00	4.30(2.47~7.47)
场地受限	-1.34	0.39	11.87	0.00	3.81(1.78~8.16)
器械不全	-0.85	0.29	8.89	0.00	2.34(1.34~4.10)
网络宣传不够	-0.03	0.30	0.01	0.93	0.98(0.54~1.75)
学校要求	0.80	0.34	5.57	0.02	2.23(1.15~4.33)
缺乏监督	-0.72	0.40	3.32	0.07	0.49(0.22~1.06)
同学影响	0.15	0.31	0.22	0.64	1.16(0.63~2.13)
家庭运动氛围	0.68	0.32	4.41	0.04	0.51(0.27~0.96)

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