武汉市学龄儿童挑食行为及其与健康状况的关系

邵丽晶; 向兵; 何邱平; 蔡丽; 杨梅; 曾婧

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.009

武汉市学龄儿童挑食行为及其与健康状况的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.009

邵丽晶^{1, 2},
向兵¹,
何邱平^{1, 2},
蔡丽¹,
杨梅¹,
曾婧^1, ,

1.
武汉科技大学妇女儿童健康促进中心，湖北 430065
2.
武汉科技大学医学院

基金项目:

教育部人文社会科学研究项目 15YJAZH104

详细信息

作者简介:
邵丽晶(1997-)，女，湖北武汉人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为营养与食品卫生学

通讯作者:
曾婧，E-mail：zengjing@wust.edu.cn

中图分类号: G 478 R 153.2
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- 文章访问数: 516
- HTML全文浏览量: 344
- PDF下载量: 30
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-16
- 修回日期: 2020-07-21
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-25

Picky eating behavior and its association with health status among school-age children in Wuhan

SHAO Lijing^{1, 2},
XIANG Bing¹,
HE Qiuping^{1, 2},
CAI Li¹,
YANG Mei¹,
ZENG Jing^{1
, ,}

1.
Research Center for Woman and Child Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan(430065), China

摘要

摘要: 目的调查学龄儿童挑食状况及其与健康状况的关系，为中国学龄儿童的健康促进工作提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法，抽取武汉市洪山区2所小学三至六年级的796名学生，开展为期3 d的膳食调查，同时对儿童及其看护人进行营养问卷调查，根据调查结果进行分析。结果 40.58%的儿童存在挑食问题，流动儿童与本地儿童间挑食行为报告率差异有统计学意义(χ²=3.92，P < 0.05)，拒绝蔬菜类食物的儿童最多(23.87%)。与非挑食者[(0.49±0.01)(57.35±0.76)mg]相比，挑食者[(0.46±0.01)(54.32±0.90)mg]维生素B₂和维生素C的每天摄入量较低(t值分别为2.03，2.57，P值均 < 0.05)，且挑食者身高发育生长迟缓的发生风险比非挑食者更高(OR=1.42，P < 0.05)。结论挑食行为普遍存在于学龄儿童中，且与儿童身高发育迟缓显著相关。亟需针对儿童(特别是流动儿童)的营养教育活动，改善中国儿童膳食结构，促进健康成长。
- 偏食 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 健康状况 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To investigate the picky eating behavior among school-age children and to analyze its association with their health status, providing scientific basis for health promotion of school-age children in China. Methods A total of 796 students of grade 3 to grade 6 from two primary schools in Hongshan, Wuhan were selected through cluster sampling. Statistical analysis was conducted according to the results of the 3-day food record and questionnaire survey on children and their caregivers. Results In the current study, 40.58% of the children had picky eating problems, the incidence of picky eating behaviors of migrant children was higher than that of local children(χ²=3.92, P < 0.05). Most of the picky eaters(23.87%) tended to reject vegetables. Compared to the others, picky eaters had lower intake of vitamin B₂ [(0.49±0.01)(0.46±0.01)mg] and vitamin C [(57.35±0.76)(54.32±0.90)mg] (t=2.03, 2.57, P < 0.05) and had a higher risk of stunting(OR=1.42, P < 0.05). Conclusion Picky eating behaviors are common among school-age children, which is significantly associated with stunting. Nutritional education for children (especially migrant children) are urgently needed to improve their dietary structure and promote healthy growth and development.
- Food preferences /
- Food habits /
- Health status /
- Regression analysis /
- Child

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表 1 不同组别学龄儿童挑食报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rate of picky eating behavior among children in different groups

组别	选项	人数	挑食人数	χ²值	P值
户口类型	本地	339	124(36.58)	3.92	0.04
	流动	457	199(43.54)
性别	男	368	151(41.03)	0.06	0.80
	女	428	172(40.19)
年龄/岁	9	179	69(38.55)	1.07	0.78
	10	202	80(39.60)
	11	210	85(40.48)
	12	205	89(43.41)
饮食照管人	父母	680	276(40.59)	0.66	0.72
	祖辈	100	42(42.00)
	其他	16	5(31.25)
父母文化程度	初中及以下	417	166(39.81)	0.22	0.89
	高中	305	126(41.31)
	大专及以上	74	31(41.89)
家庭年收入/元	< 40 000	318	121(38.05)	1.14	0.56
	40 000~79 999	277	119(42.96)
	> 80 000	201	83(41.29)
身高发育水平	生长迟缓	258	119(46.12)	4.87	0.03
	正常	538	204(37.92)
体格发育水平	消瘦	53	19(35.85)	5.62	0.06
	正常	591	254(42.98)
	超重/肥胖	152	50(32.89)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 挑食者与非挑食者食物摄入量比较/(x±s，g·d^-1)

Table 2. Comparison of food intake between picky eaters and non-picky eaters/(x±s, g·d^-1)

组别	人数	蔬菜类	禽畜肉类	鱼虾类	蛋类	豆及豆制品类	谷薯类	水果类	奶类
非挑食者	473	184.85±2.23	50.81±1.22	15.55±0.87	18.82±1.00	9.74±0.57	278.40±2.21	177.90±5.48	85.75±4.77
挑食者	323	170.46±2.11	48.02±1.32	14.26±0.98	18.00±1.21	9.02±0.61	287.21±2.74	170.01±7.17	78.87±5.68
t值		4.45	1.53	1.04	0.62	0.75	-2.64	1.35	1.04
P值		< 0.01	0.13	0.30	0.53	0.45	< 0.01	0.18	0.30

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表 3 不同组别儿童每天营养素摄入量比较(x±s)

Table 3. Comparison of daily nutrient intake among different groups of children(x±s)

组别	人数	能量/kcal	蛋白质/g	脂肪/g	碳水化合物/g	维生素A/μg	维生素B₁/mg	维生素B₂/mg
非挑食者	473	1 763.98±10.86	50.73±0.39	54.65±0.40	155.01±5.39	455.76±10.54	0.30±0.01	0.49±0.01
挑食者	323	1 758.77±14.53	50.48±0.54	54.24±0.53	153.68±6.55	442.25±13.62	0.30±0.01	0.46±0.01
t值		0.29	0.51	0.98	0.69	1.36	0.25	2.03
P值		0.77	0.61	0.33	0.49	0.17	0.80	0.04

组别	人数	维生素B₃/mg	维生素C/mg	维生素E/mg	钙/mg	铁/mg	锌/mg	硒/μg
非挑食者	473	8.18±0.13	57.35±0.76	36.22±0.15	237.81±5.08	12.98±0.12	5.56±0.08	24.32±0.29
挑食者	323	7.89±0.16	54.32±0.90	35.97±0.20	225.13±6.14	13.03±0.15	5.36±0.10	24.00±0.35
t值		1.56	2.57	1.57	1.68	-0.41	1.43	0.44
P值		0.12	0.01	0.12	0.09	0.68	0.15	0.66
注：1 kcal=4.18 kJ。

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