中国青少年体育锻炼视屏时间与心理亚健康的相关性

曾祝平; 吴慧攀; 毕存箭; 郑冬华; 陈琪; 尹小俭; 曹俊方

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.006

中国青少年体育锻炼视屏时间与心理亚健康的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.006

1.
上海应用技术大学经济与管理学院，上海 201418
2.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心
3.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
4.
上海应用技术大学体育教育部

基金项目:

上海市哲学社会科学2020年度规划课题项目 2020BTY001

上海市教育科学研究2021年度课题项目 C2021149

详细信息

作者简介:
曾祝平(1997-)，女，江西赣州人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年体质健康与影响因素

通讯作者:
郑冬华，E-mail：345285330@qq.com

中图分类号: G 806 B 844.2 G 804.49
计量
- 文章访问数: 632
- HTML全文浏览量: 287
- PDF下载量: 56
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-11
- 修回日期: 2020-11-06
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-25

Correlation between physical exercise, screen time and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents

1.
College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai(201418), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国青少年视屏时间、锻炼时间与心理亚健康之间的关系，为中国青少年心理健康发展提供帮助。方法 2015—2017年，采用分层整群随机抽样法选取中国六大行政区的16 545名13~22岁青少年，采用青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents, MSQA)中的心理问卷对该人群进行心理亚健康调查，同时调查体育锻炼时间、视屏时间等指标，通过二元Logistic回归分析了解视屏时间、锻炼时间与心理亚健康之间的关联。结果视屏时间≤2 h/d的青少年心理亚健康状态检出率(19.1%)较>2 h/d青少年(22.1%)低，锻炼时间>60 min/d青少年心理亚健康检出率(17.7%)较≤60 min/d青少年(20.0%)低，差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为14.47，6.97，P值均 < 0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示，视屏时间>2 h/d与中国青少年心理亚健康状态的发生呈正相关(OR=1.20，P < 0.01)，锻炼时间>60 min/d与中国青少年心理亚健康状态的发生呈负相关(OR=0.86，P < 0.05)。结论中国青少年视屏时间长、锻炼时间短是导致心理亚健康状态的负面影响因素。建议从青少年的健康教育、家庭引导、社会环境等多方面联合共同促进青少年身心健康成长。
- 身体锻炼 /
- 注视，眼 /
- 时间 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 亚健康 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To understand the relationships between video time, exercise time and the mental sub-health of Chinese adolescents, and to assist the development of Chinese adolescents' mental health. Methods In this study, 16 545 adolescents aged 13-22 years in six administrative regions of China were surveyed using an adolescent sub-health multi-dimensional assessment questionnaire (MSQA), and daily physical exercise time, video screen time and other indicators were recorded. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to understand adolescents' mental sub-health and the correlation between video time and exercise time. Results Detection rate of mental sub-health status in adolescents with video time ≤2 h/d was lower than that of adolescents with video time >2 h/d(19.1%, 22.1%), and the detection rate of adolescents with exercise time ≤60 min/d(22.1%, 17.7%) was higher than that of adolescents with exercise time >60 min/d. These differences were statistically significant (χ²=14.47, 6.97, P < 0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of mental sub-health status for Chinese adolescents whose screen time was more than 2 h/d was 1.20 times that of those with screen time ≤2 h/d, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The risk of mental sub-health for students whose exercise time was > 60 min/d was 0.86 times that of students who exercised ≤ 60 min/d, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Screen time >2 h/d and exercise time < 60 min/d were negative factors leading to mental sub-health symptoms in Chinese adolescents.It is proposed to jointly promote the healthy adolescent development through health education, as well as positive family and social environment.
- Exercise movement techniques /
- Fixation, ocular /
- Time /
- Mental health /
- Sub-health /
- Adolescent

HTML全文

表 1 不同视屏与锻炼时间男生心理亚健康检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of mental sub-health detection rate of boys with different screen time and exercise time

视屏与锻炼时间	选项	人数	统计值	情绪问题	品行问题	社会适应困难	心理亚健康状态
视屏时间/(h·d^-1)	≤2	6 750		1 730(25.6)	1 703(25.2)	1 111(16.5)	1 363(20.2)
	> 2	1 594		428(26.9)	463(29.0)	324(20.3)	366(23.0)
			χ²值	1.00	9.77	13.54	6.02
			P值	0.32	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.05
锻炼时间/(min·d^-1)	≤60	6 553		1 737(26.5)	1 713(26.1)	1 161(17.7)	1 401(21.4)
	> 60	1 791		421(23.5)	453(25.3)	274(15.3)	328(18.3)
			χ²值	6.61	0.53	5.78	8.05
			P值	< 0.05	0.47	< 0.05	< 0.05
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同视屏与锻炼时间女生心理亚健康检出率比较

Table 2. Comparison of mental sub-health detection rate of girls with different screen time and exercise time

视屏与锻炼时间	选项	人数	统计值	情绪问题	品行问题	社会适应困难	心理亚健康状态
视屏时间/(h·d^-1)	≤2	6 756		1 666(24.7)	1 592(23.6)	959(14.2)	1 218(18.0)
	> 2	1 445		395(27.3)	384(26.6)	256(17.7)	307(21.2)
			χ²值	4.53	5.90	11.70	8.14
			P值	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01
锻炼时间/(min·d^-1)	≤60	7 462		1 892(25.4)	1 815(24.3)	1 135(15.2)	1 404(18.8)
	> 60	739		169(22.9)	161(21.8)	80(10.8)	121(16.4)
			χ²值	2.21	2.37	10.25	2.65
			P值	0.14	0.12	< 0.05	0.10
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同视屏与锻炼时间青少年心理亚健康检出率比较

Table 3. Comparison of the detection rate of Chinese adolescents' mental sub-health in different screen time and exercise time

视屏与锻炼时间	选项	人数	统计值	情绪问题	品行问题	社会适应困难	心理亚健康状态
视屏时间/(h·d^-1)	≤2	13 506		3 396(25.1)	3 295(24.4)	2 070(15.3)	2 581(19.1)
	> 2	3 039		823(27.1)	847(27.9)	580(19.1)	673(22.1)
			χ²值	4.90	15.96	26.06	14.47
			P值	< 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
锻炼时间/(min·d^-1)	≤60	14 015		3 629(25.9)	3 528(25.2)	2 296(16.4)	2 805(20.0)
	> 60	2 530		590(23.3)	614(24.3)	354(14.0)	449(17.7)
			χ²值	7.47	0.93	9.10	6.97
			P值	< 0.05	0.33	< 0.01	< 0.05
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 不同视屏与锻炼时间青少年心理亚健康二元Logistic回归分析(n=16 545)

Table 4. Binary Logistic regression analysis of Chinese adolescents' mental sub-health in different screen time and exercise time(n=16 545)

性别	自变量	情绪问题		品行问题		社会适应困难		心理亚健康状态
性别	自变量	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
男生	视屏时间 > 2 h/d	1.07(0.94~1.21)	0.32	1.21(1.08~1.37)	< 0.01	1.30(1.13~1.49)	< 0.01	1.18(1.03~1.34)	< 0.05
	锻炼时间 > 60 min/d	0.87(0.73~1.04)	0.14	0.96(0.85~1.08)	0.47	0.84(0.73~0.97)	< 0.05	0.82(0.72~0.94)	< 0.05
女生	视屏时间 > 2 h/d	1.15(1.01~1.31)	< 0.05	1.17(1.03~1.34)	< 0.05	1.30(1.12~1.51)	< 0.01	1.23(1.07~1.41)	< 0.01
	锻炼时间 > 60 min/d	0.87(0.73~1.04)	0.14	0.87(0.72~1.04)	0.12	0.68(0.53~0.86)	< 0.01	0.85(0.69~1.04)	0.10
总体	视屏时间 > 2 h/d	1.11(1.01~1.21)	< 0.05	1.20(1.10~1.31)	< 0.01	1.30(1.18~1.44)	< 0.01	1.20(1.09~1.33)	< 0.01
	锻炼时间 > 60 min/d	0.87(0.79~0.96)	< 0.05	0.95(0.86~1.05)	0.33	0.83(0.74~0.94)	< 0.01	0.86(0.77~0.96)	< 0.05
注：视屏时间以≤2 h/d为参照，锻炼时间以≤60 min/d为参照。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(33)

[1]	王伟, 万宇辉, 郝加虎, 等. 学生心理亚健康和手机使用依赖行为的交互作用及与意外伤害的关联[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(2): 181-184. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201802012.htm WANG W, WAN Y H, HAO J H, et al. Interactions of psychopathological sub-healthy status and problematic mobile phone use with unintentional injurious among middle schools students[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(2): 181-184. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201802012.htm
[2]	RUGGERO C J, PETRIE T, SHEINBEIN S, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness may help in protecting against depression among middle school adolescents[J]. J Adolesc Health, 2015, 57(1): 60-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.03.016
[3]	KIELING C, BAKER-HENNINGHAM H, BELFER M, et al. Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action[J]. Lancet, 2011, 378(9801): 1515-1525. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60827-1
[4]	张志荣, 梁佳志, 张晋昕. 中国三地区中学生心理亚健康状态及影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(7): 1030-1032. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201807023.htm ZHANG Z R, LIANG J Z, ZHANG J X. State of psychological sub-health and influencing factors of middle school students in three regions of China[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(7): 1030-1032. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201807023.htm
[5]	HAMER M, STAMATAKIS E, MISHRA G D. Television-and screen-based activity and mental well-being in adults[J]. Am J Prev Med, 2010, 38(4): 375-380. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.030
[6]	FERRARI G L D M, BRACCO M M, MATSUDO V K, et al. Cardiores-piratory fitness and nutritional status of schoolchildren: 30-year evolution[J]. J Pediatr(Rio J), 2013, 89(4): 366-373. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2012.12.006
[7]	SANDERCOCK G R H, OGUNLEYE A A. Screen time and passiveschool travel as independent predictors of cardiorespiratory fitness in youth[J]. Prev Med, 2012, 54(5): 319-322. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.03.007
[8]	QI X Y, TAO F B, HU C L, et al. Study on of multidimensional sub-health questionnaire of adolescents[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2008, 24(9): 1025-1028. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW200809000.htm
[9]	XING C, TAO F B, YUAN C J, et al. Evaluation of reliability and validity of the multidimensional sub-health questionnaire of adolescents[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2008, 24(9): 1031-1033.
[10]	TAO F B, XING C, YUAN C J, et al. Development of national norm for multidimensional sub-health questionnaire of adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2009, 30(4): 292-295. http://search.cnki.net/down/default.aspx?filename=XIWS200904006&dbcode=CJFD&year=2009&dflag=pdfdown
[11]	HUANG L, TAO F B, WAN Y H, et al. Selfreported weight status rather than BMI may be closely related to psychopatho-logical symptoms among Mainland Chinese adolescents[J]. J Trop Pediatr, 2011, 57(4): 307-311. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmp097
[12]	SANDERCOCK G R H, ALIBRAHIM M, BELLAMY M. Media device ownership and media use: associations with sedentary time, physicalactivity and fitness in English youth[J]. Prev Med Rep, 2016, 4: 162-168. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.05.013.
[13]	MINEMATSU K, KAWABUCHI R, OKAZAKI H, et al. Physical activity cut-offs and risk factors for preventing child obesity in Japan[J]. Pediatr Int, 2015, 57(1): 131-136. doi: 10.1111/ped.12446
[14]	鲜金利, 蔡正杰, 李婷婷, 等. 视屏时间及其导致的零食消费对儿童超重肥胖影响研究进展[J]. 现代预防医学, 2020, 47(13): 2368-2370. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF202013015.htm XIAN J L, CAI Z J, LI T T, et al. Research progress on the effects of screen time and its resulting snack consumption on overweight and obesity in children[J]. Modern Prev Med, 2020, 47(13): 2368-2370. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF202013015.htm
[15]	何春刚. 高校大学生体力活动与视屏时间交互作用对超重肥胖的影响[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(12): 1873-1876. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201812034.htm HE C G. The influence of the interaction between physical activity and video time of college students on overweight and obesity[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(12): 1873-1876. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201812034.htm
[16]	TREMBLAY M S, LEBLANC A G, JANSSEN I, et al. Canadian sedentary behaviour guidelines for children and youth[J]. Appl Physiol Nutr Metabol, 2011, 36(1): 59-64. doi: 10.1139/H11-012
[17]	HILLS A P, DENGEL D R, LUBANS D R. Supporting public health priorities: recommendations for physical education and physical activity promotion in schools[J]. Prog Cardiovascul Dis, 2015, 57(4): 368-374. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.010
[18]	GRAF C, BENEKE R, BLOCH W, et al. Recommendations for promoting physical activity for children and adolescents in Germany. A consensus statement[J]. Obes Facts, 2014, 7(3): 178-190. doi: 10.1159/000362485
[19]	KATZMARZYK P T. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and health: paradigm paralysis or paradigm shift?[J]. Diabetes, 2010, 59(11): 2717-2725. doi: 10.2337/db10-0822
[20]	ALVARENGA P G, CESAR R C, LECKMAN J F, et al. Obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions in a population-based, cross-sectional sample of school-aged children[J]. J Psychiatr Res, 2015, 62: 108-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.01.018.
[21]	AGGIO D, OGUNLEYE A A, VOSS C, et al. Temporal relationships between screen-time and physical activity with cardiorespiratory fitness in English Schoolchildren: a 2-year longitudinal study[J]. Prev Med, 2012, 55(1): 37-39. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.04.012
[22]	STROHLE A, HOFLER M, PFISTER H, et al. Physical activity and prevalence and incidence of mental disorders in adolescents and young adults[J]. Psychol Med, 2007, 37(11): 1657-1666. doi: 10.1017/S003329170700089X
[23]	TAO F B, XU M L, KIM S D, et al. Physical activity might not be the protective factor for health risk behaviours and psychopathological symptoms in adolescents[J]. J Paediatr Child Health, 2007, 43(11): 762-767. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01217.x
[24]	ROTHON C, EDWARDS P, BHUI K, et al. Physical activity and depressive symptoms in adolescents: a prospective study[J]. BMC Med, 2010, 8(1): 32-37. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-32
[25]	尹小俭. 心肺耐力是儿童青少年体质健康的重要维度[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2017, 38(12): 1761-1764. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201712003.htm YIN X J. Cardiorespiratory endurance is an important dimension of physical health of children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2017, 38(12): 1761-1764. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201712003.htm
[26]	石秀廷, 尹小俭. 20 m往返跑用于青少年心肺耐力评价的研究进展[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2017, 38(12): 1916-1920. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201712007.htm SHI X T, YIN X J. Research progress of 20m reciprocating running for juvenile cardiopulmonary endurance evaluation[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2017, 38(12): 1916-1920. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201712007.htm
[27]	JERSTAD S J, BOUTELLE K N, NESS K K, et al. Prospective reciprocal relations between physical activity and depression in female adolescents[J]. J Cons Clin Psychol, 2010, 78(2): 268-272. doi: 10.1037/a0018793
[28]	ROTTENBERG J, YAROSLAVSKY I, CARNEY R M, et al. The association between major depressive disorder in childhood and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adolescence[J]. Psychosom Med, 2014, 76(2): 122-130. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000028
[29]	王楠, 吴旭龙, 丁子尧, 等. 学龄儿童青少年闲暇视屏时间与超重肥胖的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2016, 37(11): 1604-1606. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201611004.htm WANG N, WU X L, DING Z Y, et al. Sedentary behavior and its association with obesity among school-aged children[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2016, 37(11): 1604-1606. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201611004.htm
[30]	王月华. 开展全国亿万学生阳光体育运动的认识与思考[J]. 上海体育学院学报, 2007, 31(6): 81-83. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STYB200706018.htm WANG Y H. Understanding of and ponderation over launching nationwide hundreds of millions of students' sunlight sports activities[J]. J Shanghai Univ Sport, 2007, 31(6): 81-83. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STYB200706018.htm
[31]	赵玉秋, 王法艳, 朱鹏, 等. 体重指数与儿童青少年体能指数关联性研究[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2012, 33(3): 265-268. ZHAO Y Q, WANG F Y, ZHU P, et al. Association between body mass index and physical fitness index among children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Epidemiol, 2012, 33(3): 265-268.
[32]	谌丁艳, 周丽, 黄园园, 等. 深圳市中学生心理亚健康状况及其与自杀心理行为的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(3): 381-383. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201903019.htm CHEN D Y, ZHOU L, HUANG Y Y, et al. Psychological sub-health status and its relationship with suicidal behaviors among middle school students in Shenzhen[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(3): 381-383. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201903019.htm
[33]	邵宁, 马玄, 宋先兵, 等. 童年期虐待与医科大学生心理亚健康的关联性研究[J]. 现代预防医学, 2018, 45(11): 2004-2008. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF201811021.htm SHAO N, MA X, SONG X B, et al. Relationships between childhood abuse and psychological sub-health among medical college students[J]. Modern Prev Med, 2018, 45(11): 2004-2008. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF201811021.htm