中国青少年饮食行为与心理亚健康的相关性

周美竹; 吴慧攀; 张婷; 尹小俭; 曹俊方

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.004

中国青少年饮食行为与心理亚健康的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.004

1.
上海应用技术大学体育教育部，上海 201418
2.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心
3.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
4.
上海应用技术大学经济与管理学院

基金项目:

上海市哲学社会科学2020年度规划课题项目 2020BTY001

上海市教育科学研究2021年度课题项目 C2021149

详细信息

作者简介:
周美竹(1992-)，女，辽宁鞍山人，硕士，助教，主要研究方向为运动训练学

通讯作者:
尹小俭，E-mail：xjyin1965@163.com

中图分类号: R 153.2 B 844.2
计量
- 文章访问数: 682
- HTML全文浏览量: 326
- PDF下载量: 65
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-11
- 修回日期: 2020-11-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-25

Correlation between dietary behavior and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents

1.
Physical Education Department Shanghai University of Technology, Shanghai(201418), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国青少年心理亚健康与饮食行为的相关性，为改善青少年心理亚健康提供科学依据。方法 2015—2017年在中国六大行政区采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取16 545名13~22岁青少年，采用青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents, MSQA)的心理问卷进行心理亚健康测试，同时进行饮食行为调查。结果男生在早餐、零食、碳酸饮料、蔬菜、鱼肉以及乳制品方面“基本都吃/喝”的比例分别为76.2%，20.2%，19.0%，78.4%，52.4%，59.2%，女生分别为79.2%，28.6%，12.6%，78.3%，43.2%，54.9%，除“蔬菜”选项外，其他各项在性别间分布差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为20.79，320.10，229.06，150.27，32.21，P值均 < 0.01)。心理亚健康方面，男生心理亚健康状态、品行亚健康和社会适应亚健康检出率分别为20.7%，26.0%，17.2%，女生分别为18.6%，24.1%，14.8%，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为17.32，7.66，17.46，P值均 < 0.01)。控制年龄和性别后，多因素Logistic回归分析显示，早餐“基本都吃”和“偶尔吃”、蔬菜“基本都吃”和“偶尔吃”、鱼肉“基本都吃”和“偶尔吃”、牛奶、乳制品“基本都喝”和“偶尔喝”与心理亚健康状态的发生均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.60，0.73；0.50，0.65；0.74，0.77；0.73，0.69，P值均 < 0.05)。结论健康的饮食行为是避免青少年产生心理亚健康的保护因素。建议学校针对家长及学生定期开展膳食营养讲座及发放膳食营养指导手册，学校食堂配备公共营养师指导日常配餐等。
- 饮食习惯 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 亚健康 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To determine the relationship between mental sub-health and dietary behavior among Chinese adolescents, and to provide a scientific basis for improving adolescent mental sub-health through healthy dietary behavior. Methods A total of 16 545 adolescents aged 13 to 22 years were sampled by random cluster sampling method in six administrative regions of China. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate adolescents' dietary behaviors and mental sub-health status. Results The proportion of boys consuming breakfast, snacks, carbonated drinks, vegetables, fish and dairy products was 76.2%, 20.2%, 19.0%, 78.4%, 52.4% and 59.2%, respectively, while the proportion of girls was 79.2%, 28.6%, 12.6%, 78.3%, 43.2% and 54.9%, respectively. Except for the "vegetable" option, dietary behaviors showed significant sex differences(χ²=20.79, 320.10, 229.06, 150.27, 32.21, P < 0.01). In terms of mental sub-health, the detection rates of male adolescents' mental sub-health status, behavioral sub-health and social sub-health were 20.7%, 26.0% and 17.2%, respectively, while those of female adolescents were 18.6%, 24.1% and 14.8%, respectively. The differences between boys and girls were statistically significant (χ²=17.32, 7.66, 17.46, P < 0.01). Controlling for age and gender, breakfast "normally eating" and "occasionally eat", vegetables "normally eating" and "occasionally eat", fish "normally eating" and "occasionally eat", milk, dairy products "normally drink" and "occasional drink", was negatively associated with teenagers' psychological sub-health (OR=0.60, 0.73;0.50, 0.65;0.74, 0.77;0.73, 0.69, P < 0.05). Conclusion Healthy dietary behavior could be protective to avoid adolescent mental sub-health.Nutritional lectures and guideline books are needed among students and their parents.Nutritionists are encouraged to provide healthy nutritional advice to school canteen.
- Food habits /
- Mental health /
- Sub-health /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent

HTML全文

表 1 不同性别青少年各种饮食行为频率分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of the frequency distribution of various dietary behaviors among adolescents of different genders

性别	人数	早餐			零食			碳酸饮料
性别	人数	基本都吃	偶尔吃	几乎不吃	基本都吃	偶尔吃	几乎不吃	基本都喝	偶尔喝	几乎不喝
男	8 344	6 361(76.2)	1 498(18.0)	485(5.8)	1 687(20.2)	4 776(57.2)	1 881(22.5)	1 582(19.0)	4 538(54.4)	2 224(26.7)
女	8 201	6 493(79.2)	1 280(15.6)	428(5.2)	2 346(28.6)	4 770(58.2)	1 085(13.2)	1 031(12.6)	4 218(51.4)	2 952(36.0)
χ²值			20.79			320.10			229.06
P值			< 0.01			< 0.01			< 0.01

性别	人数	蔬菜			鱼肉			牛奶、乳制品
		基本都吃	偶尔吃	几乎不吃	基本都吃	偶尔吃	几乎不吃	基本都喝	偶尔喝	几乎不喝
		基本都吃	偶尔吃	几乎不吃				基本都喝	偶尔喝	几乎不喝
男	8 344	6 543(78.4)	1 619(19.4)	182(2.2)	4 374(52.4)	2 883(34.6)	1 087(13.0)	4 937(59.2)	2 867(34.4)	540(6.5)
女	8 201	6 425(78.3)	1 597(19.5)	179(2.2)	3 539(43.2)	3 510(42.8)	1 152(14.0)	4 503(54.9)	3 071(37.4)	627(7.6)
χ²值			0.01			150.27			32.21
P值			> 0.05			< 0.01			< 0.01
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同性别青少年心理亚健康检出率比较

Table 2. Comparison of detection rates ofmental sub-health among adolescents of different genders

性别	人数	心理亚健康		情绪亚健康	品行亚健康	社会适应亚健康
性别	人数	心理亚健康症状	心理亚健康状态	情绪亚健康	品行亚健康	社会适应亚健康
男	8 344	2 545(30.5)	1 729(20.7)	2 158(25.9)	2 166(26.0)	1 435(17.2)
女	8 201	2 701(32.9)	1 525(18.6)	2 061(25.1)	1 976(24.1)	1 215(14.8)
χ²值		17.32		1.17	7.66	17.46
P值		< 0.01		> 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 青少年不同饮食行为组间心理亚健康检出率比较

Table 3. Comparison of the prevalence of mental sub-health among different dietary behavior groups of adolescents

饮食行为	选项	人数	统计值	心理亚健康状态	情绪亚健康	品行亚健康	社会适应亚健康
早餐	基本都吃	12 854		2 364(18.4)	3 119(24.3)	3 049(23.7)	1 901(14.8)
	偶尔吃	2 778		616(22.2)	783(28.2)	772(27.8)	503(18.1)
	几乎不吃	913		274(30.0)	317(34.7)	321(35.2)	246(26.9)
			χ²值	98.47	61.73	72.93	104.47
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
零食	基本都吃	4 033		981(24.3)	1 241(30.8)	1 201(29.8)	791(19.6)
	偶尔吃	9 546		1 688(17.7)	2 230(23.4)	2 212(23.2)	1 369(14.3)
	几乎不吃	2 966		585(19.7)	748(25.2)	729(24.6)	490(16.5)
			χ²值	98.89	82.11	66.35	59.27
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
碳酸饮料	基本都喝	2 613		671(25.7)	820(31.4)	797(30.5)	543(20.8)
	偶尔喝	8 756		1 600(18.3)	2 118(24.2)	2 081(23.8)	1 289(14.7)
	几乎不喝	5 176		983(19.0)	1 281(24.7)	1 264(24.4)	818(15.8)
			χ²值	76.19	57.04	50.15	55.18
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
蔬菜	基本都吃	12 968		2 348(18.1)	3 093(23.9)	3 038(23.4)	1 875(14.5)
	偶尔吃	3 216		773(24.0)	972(30.2)	955(29.7)	661(20.6)
	几乎不吃	361		133(36.8)	154(42.7)	149(41.3)	114(31.6)
			χ²值	153.72	112.29	105.81	137.61
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
鱼肉	基本都吃	7 913		1 495(18.9)	1 945(24.6)	1 938(24.5)	1 196(15.1)
	偶尔吃	6 393		1 213(19.0)	1 583(24.8)	1 565(24.5)	1 000(15.6)
	几乎不吃	2 239		546(24.4)	691(30.9)	639(28.5)	454(20.3)
			χ²值	61.20	39.25	16.95	35.67
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
牛奶、乳制品	基本都喝	9 440		1 842(19.5)	2 394(25.4)	2 369(25.1)	1 463(15.5)
	偶尔喝	5 938		1 104(18.6)	1 441(24.3)	1 418(23.9)	892(15.0)
	几乎不喝	1 167		308(26.4)	384(32.9)	355(30.4)	295(25.3)
			χ²值	66.65	38.53	22.27	80.68
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 饮食行为对青少年心理亚健康影响的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=16 545)

Table 4. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on the influence of dietary behavior on mental sub-health of Chinese adolescents(n=16 545)

自变量	模型1		模型2
自变量	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
早餐
基本都吃	0.61(0.52~0.71)	< 0.01	0.60(0.52~0.70)	< 0.01
偶尔吃	0.73(0.61~0.86)	< 0.01	0.73(0.62~0.87)	0.01
几乎不吃	1.00		1.00
零食
基本都吃	1.23(1.09~1.39)	< 0.01	1.23(1.08~1.40)	< 0.01
偶尔吃	0.91(0.82~1.01)	0.08	0.92(0.82~1.03)	0.14
几乎不吃	1.00		1.00
碳酸饮料
基本都喝	1.27(1.12~1.43)	< 0.01	1.29(1.14~1.46)	< 0.01
偶尔喝	0.95(0.87~1.04)	0.27	0.96(0.88~1.06)	0.42
几乎不喝	1.00		1.00
蔬菜
基本都吃	0.48(0.38~0.60)	0.01	0.50(0.39~0.62)	< 0.01
偶尔吃	0.64(0.51~0.81)	< 0.01	0.65(0.52~0.83)	< 0.01
几乎不吃	1.00		1.00
鱼肉
基本都吃	0.76(0.67~0.85)	< 0.01	0.74(0.66~0.84)	< 0.01
偶尔吃	0.78(0.69~0.87)	< 0.01	0.77(0.68~0.86)	< 0.01
几乎不吃	1.00		1.00
牛奶、乳制品
基本都喝	0.78(0.67~0.90)	< 0.01	0.73(0.63~0.85)	< 0.01
偶尔喝	0.70(0.60~0.81)	< 0.01	0.69(0.59~0.80)	< 0.01
几乎不喝	1.00		1.00

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(26)

[1]	PORT A L, GUEGUEN A, KESSE-GUYOT E, et al. Association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms over time: a 10-year follow-up study of the GAZEL cohort[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(12): e51593. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051593.
[2]	段云峰, 金锋. 吃出好心情: 食物对心理疾患的预防作用[C]//应激与心理健康. 第四届心理健康学术年会摘要集. 无锡, 2014: 44-45. DUAN Y F, JIN F. Food and mood: towards preventing mental health problems by eating[C]//Stress Mental Health. Summary of the Fourth Annual Conference on Mental Health. Wuxi, 2014: 44-45.
[3]	JACKA F N, JAMYKLETUN P. Association of western and traditional diets with depression and anxiety in women[J]. Am J Psychiatry, 2010, 167(3): 305-311. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09060881
[4]	LI Y, LV M R, WEI Y J, et al. Dietary patterns and depression risk: a meta-analysis[J]. Psychiatry Res, 2017, 253: 373-382. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.020.
[5]	SANCHEZ-VILLEGAS A, TOLEDO E, DE IRALA J, et al. Fast-food and commercial baked goods consumption and the risk of depression[J]. Public Health Nutr, 2012, 15(3): 424-432. doi: 10.1017/S1368980011001856
[6]	JACKA F C, SACKS G, BERK M, et al. Food policies for physical and mental health[J]. BMC Psychiatry, 2014, 14(132). DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-132.
[7]	O'NEIL A, QUIRK S E, HOUSDEN S, et al. Relationship between diet and mental health in children and adolescents: a systematic review[J]. Am J Public Health, 2014, 104(10): 31-42. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302110
[8]	ARAT G. The link between nutrition and mental health in sub-saharan african adolescents: findings from the global school-based health survey[J]. Glob Soc Welf, 2017, 31-40. DOI: 10.1007/s40609-016-0046-4.
[9]	齐秀玉, 陶芳标, 胡传来, 等. 中国青少年亚健康多维问卷编制[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2008, 24(9): 1025-1028. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW200809000.htm QI X Y, TAO F B, HU C L, et al. Study on of Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2008, 24(9) : 1025-1028. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW200809000.htm
[10]	任思恩. 中国汉族儿童青少年生活习惯与体能的关系研究[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2019. REN S E. Study on the relationship between living habits and physical fitness in Chinese Han children and adolescents[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2019.
[11]	POWELL C. The delphi technique: myths and realities[J]. J Adv Nurs, 2003, 41(4): 376-382. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02537.x
[12]	TARTARUGAM P, MOTA C B, PEYRETARTARUG L A, et al. Running efficiency and long-distance performance prediction: influence of allometric scaling[J]. Sci Sports, 2013, 28(4): 165-171. doi: 10.1016/j.scispo.2013.02.007
[13]	李凤娟, 孙经, 杨汴生, 等. 河南省中学生饮食行为流行现况及影响因素[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2017, 38(7): 1003-1006. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201707015.htm LI F J, SUN J, YANG B S, et al. Analysis of current situation of dietary behaviors and the influencing factors among middle school students in Henan Province[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2017, 38(7): 1003-1006. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS201707015.htm
[14]	孙力菁, 陆茜, 周月芳, 等. 上海市青少年饮食相关行为调查及危险因素分析[J]. 教育生物学杂志, 2016, 4(3): 126-129. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BIOM201603006.htm SUN L J, LU X, ZHOU Y F, et al. Investigation of adolescents' diet-related behaviors and analysis of risk factors in Shanghai[J]. J Bio-Educ, 2016(4): 126-129. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BIOM201603006.htm
[15]	季成叶, 陈天娇, 黄丽巧, 等. 中国城市中学生不健康饮食行为及其聚集状况[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2009, 30(2): 118-121. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS200902010.htm JI C Y, CHEN T J, HUANG L Q, et al. Analyses on the dietary pattern-related health-risk behaviors and the cluster features in Chinese middle school students[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2009, 30 (2) : 118-121. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS200902010.htm
[16]	American College Health Association. The American College Health Association National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA), spring 2003 reference gyoup report[J]. J Am Coll Health, 2005, 53(5): 199-210.
[17]	AZADBAKHT L, KELISHADI R, KHODARAHMI M, et al. The association of sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors in a national sample of children and adolescents: the CASPIAN Ⅲ study[J]. Nutrition, 2013, 29(9): 1133-1141. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.03.006
[18]	WEIDNER G, KOHLMANN C W, DOTZAUER E, et al. The effects of academic stress on health behaviors in young adults[J]. Anx Stress Cop, 1996, 9(2): 123-133. doi: 10.1080/10615809608249396
[19]	MAENHOUT L, PEUTERS C, CARDON G, et al. The association of healthy lifestyle behaviors with mental health indicators among adolescents of different family affluence in Belgium[J]. BMC Public Health, 2020, 20(1): 796-954. DOI: 20.10.1186/s12889-020-09102-9.
[20]	TAJIK E, LATIFFAH A L, AWANG H, et al. Unhealthy diet practice and symptoms of stress and depression among adolescents in Pasir Gudang, Malaysia[J]. Obes Res Clin Pract, 2016, 10(2): 114-123. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.06.001
[21]	NANRI A, KIMURA Y, MATSUSHITA Y, et al. Dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among Japanese men and women[J]. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2010, 64(8): 832-839. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.86
[22]	APPLETON K M, WOODSIDE J V, YARNELL J W G, et al. Depressed mood and dietary fish intake: direct relationship or indirect relationship as a result of diet and lifestyle?[J]. J Affect Disorder, 2007, 104(1/3): 217-223. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17475339
[23]	PEET M B, HORROBIN D F. A dose-ranging study of the effects of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate in patients with ongoing depression despite apparently adequate treatment with standard drugs[J]. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2003, 59(10): 913-919.
[24]	SILVERS K M, SCOTT K M. Fish consumption and self-reported physical and mental health status[J]. Pub Health Nutr, 2002, 5(3): 427-431. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12003654
[25]	KHALID S, WILLIAMS C M, REYNOLDS S A. Is there an association between diet and depression in children and adolescents?A systematic review[J]. Br J Nutr, 2016, 116(12): 2097-2108. http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0007114516004359
[26]	HONG S A, PELTZER K.Dietary behaviour, psychological well-being and mental distress among adolescents in Korea[J]. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, 2017, 11(1). DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0194-z.