摘要:
分析月经初潮、首次遗精与户外活动时间联合作用对中国学生视力的影响,旨在为制定防控儿童青少年视力不良的策略和措施提供科学依据.方法 基于2012年基线调查,在中国7 个省市采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取17 210 名中小学生纳入研究对象.按照青春期发育指标与户外活动时间的不同将研究对象分成4 组.分年龄、性别探讨视力不良检出率,并采用多因素Logistic 回归模型分析月经初潮/首次遗精与户外活动时间联合作用对学生视力的影响.结果 所调查学生视力不良检出率为70.9%.不论男、女生,月经初潮/首次遗精与户外活动时间的不同联合分组之间的视力不良检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ2 值分别为74.17, 262.06,P 值均<0.01),均表现为已出现月经初潮/首次遗精且户外活动时间< 2 h 组最高(男女生分别为76.0%,77.8%),其次是已出现月经初潮/首次遗精且户外活动时间≥2 h 组(71.9%, 73.8%),未出现月经初潮/首次遗精且户外活动时间≥2 h 组最低(62.9%, 56.1%).多因素Logistic 回归模型分析显示,在调整年龄、地区、学习习惯等因素后,已出现月经初潮/首次遗精且户外活动时间<2 h 组学生视力不良发生的风险明显高于未出现月经初潮/首次遗精且户外活动时间≥2 h 组[OR 值(OR 值95%CI) = 1.46(1.27 ~ 1.69) ]; 分性别分析发现,男女生呈现相同趋势[OR 值(OR 值95%CI) 分别为1.38(1.13~ 1.67),1.54(1.24 ~ 1.90) ].结论 中国学生月经初潮/首次遗精和户外活动时间与视力不良有密切关联; 不论男、女生,已出现青春期发育且户外活动时间较短者更易发生视力不良.在学生进入青春期前增加户外活动时间可预防未来视力不良的发生.
关键词:
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月经初潮 /
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闲暇活动 /
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视力,低 /
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学生
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the combined effect of menarche, spermatorrhea and time for outdoors activity on vision of Chinese students, so as to provide a theoretical basis for making strategies and measure of preventing and controlling poor eyesight among children and adolescents. Methods Based on the 2012 baseline survey, the study was conducted among 17 210 primary and middle school students randomly selected from 7 provinces and cities in China by using stratified cluster sampling method. According to different combinations of adolescent developmental indicators and outdoor times, the subjects were divided into 4 groups. The incidence of poor eyesight was investigated by age and sex, and multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the combined effect of menarche, spematorrhea and outside times on vision of students. Results The incidence of poor eyesight among these students was 70.9%. There were significant differences in the prevalence of poor visual acuity among the different combined groups between menarche, spermatorrhea and outdoor times(χ2 = 74.17, 262.06, P<0.01), regardless of boys or girls, the prevalence of poor eyesight was the highest in the group of menarche, spermatorrhea and outdoor time less than 2 hours(76.0%, 77.8%), followed by the group of menarche, spermatorrhea and outdoor time more than 2 hours (71.9%, 73.8%), and the group of without menarche, spermatorrhea and outdoor time more than 2 hours was the lowest (62.9%, 56.1%). After adjustment of age, region, study habits and other factors by logistic model, students in the group of menarche, spermatorrhea and outdoor time less than 2 hours had a significantly higher risk of poor eyesight than those in the group of without menarche, spermatorrhea and outdoor time more than 2 hours [ OR(95%CI) = 1.46(1.27- 1.69) ]; Analysis by gender indicated that boys and girls also showed the same trend [OR(95%CI) = 1.38(1.13-1.67), OR(95%CI) = 1.54(1.24-1.90) ]. Conclusion Menarche, spermatorrhea and outdoor time are closely related to poor eyesight among Chinese students. Regardless of the gender, poor visual acuity is more likely to occur when students enter puberty and have shorter outdoor times. Therefore, increasing the time of outdoor activity among students before puberty can prevent future vision problems.
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