Abstract: Objective To investigate the current situation of injuries among middle and primary school students in Beijing and to provide a scientific basis for injury prevention and control policies and measures. Methods Totally 19 666 students were selected from 102 primary and middle schools in 16 districts of Beijing through multistage sampling method. A retrospective investigation was conducted for injuries occurred during Sep.1st, 2016 to Aug.31th, 2017 using questionnaire method. Results The prevalence of injuries among primary and middle school students in 2016-2017 was 10.68%, with boys 12.98%, and girls 8.63%; grade 1-3 students (7.26%), grade 4-6 students (14.38%); junior high school students (11.80%) and senior high school students (9.55%). Among all types of injuries, falling (6.35%) was the highest. The most common places where injuries occur were: school(43.26%), home(24.76%), and street /road(13.19%); the most common activities causing injuries were: sports(28.78%), walking(26.21%), and entertainments(16.90%); The body part most frequently injured were: lower limbs(41.98%), upper limbs(28.91%), and head(15.32%). The average injury-caused break time was 4.26 d, injury-caused absent from school and hospitalization was 2.27 and 0.55 d, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of injury among primary and middle school students in Beijing is over 10%. More attention should be paid among boys and higher grade (grade 4-6) students in primary schools. Falling should be considered as target for intervention.