Abstract: Objective To compare the differences of physical fitness rate and obesity rate between urban and rural children and different sexes in 2010 and 2014 by using the technology of GIS,and to explore the methods to improve the physical constitution of children.Methods Based on the national physical health monitoring data of young children aged 3-6 in Hebei Province in 2010 and 2014,the children were divided into two groups:urban children and rural children.They were further divided into four sample groups according to sex.Results In 2014,the average body weight of urban(25.27±4.43) and rural (24.89±4.49) children were significantly different (t =3.156,P<0.05).Young children's scores of height,feet jump,a reverse layup 10 meters,standing long jump in 2014 were higher than those in 2010,the differences were of statistical significance,the other three scores were lower than those in 2010,with significant difference(t =15.200,8.675,8.671,P<0.05).The rate of infants' reaching up the standard in 2014(94.6%) was higher than that of 2010(88.5%),with a growth of 6.1 percentage.Compared with the physique rating in 2010,the differences were of statistical significance(x2 =140.7,P<0.01);There was a significant difference between rural children,urban children,male infants,and female infants in 2010 and 2014,respectively(P<0.01).The rate of childhood obesity in 2014 (4.7%)was lower than that of 2010 (6.2%),which decreased by 1.5 percentage.There was a significant difference in obesity rate among rural and male infants(P<0.01).Conclusion In 2014,children's physical fitness in Hebei Province was significantly improved,but the rate of increase differed in different cities.Economic conditions to a certain extent affected the physical fitness of children.The physique of infants' lower limbs showed an upward tendency.And their force of upper limbs,flexibility and the ability of balance of body needed to be paid more attention and improved.The obesity rate among infants shows an obvious decreasing trend.