摘要:
调查山西省大学生的体育锻炼态度,为制定大学生体育锻炼促进计划和实施相关行为干预奠定基础.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取山西省5所高校的932名在校大学生作为调查对象,采用体育锻炼阶段评定问卷和体育锻炼态度量表进行问卷调查.利用EpiData 3.1和SPSS 20.0对收回的有效数据进行整理与分析.结果 大学生处于意向阶段的人数最多(303人),维持阶段的人数最少(73人).大学生体育锻炼态度总体得分较高(242.72±28.44)分,态度较积极,但行为控制感(22.14±4.75)、主观标准(17.38±3.41)和失败焦虑(13.80±4.23)3个维度的得分低于量表均分.在行为习惯、行为意向、行为控制感3个维度上,男生均高于女生(t值分别为4.663,3.908,6.780,P值均<0.05);女生目标态度、行为认知及失败焦虑得分均高于男生(t值分别为-2.181,-3.848,-2.533,P值均<0.05);在行为认知维度上,2014级低于其他年级(F=3.830,P<0.05);不同城乡、BMI水平者体育锻炼态度总分及各维度得分差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);体育锻炼态度总分及行为态度、目标态度、行为习惯、行为意向、情感体验5个维度的得分,从意向前阶段到维持阶段呈持续上升趋势(P值均<0.05).结论 应根据院校特点及学生的实际情况,结合不同行为阶段个体的心理和行为特征,采取相应措施对大学生不同阶段体育锻炼行为进行菜单式干预.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the college students' attitude toward physical exercise in Shanxi,and to lay foundations for the promotion of college students' physical exercise and the implementation of related behavior intervention.Methods A total of 932 college students were selected from 5 colleges and universities in Shanxi Province by stratified random cluster sampling,and a questionnaire in physical exercise stage was provided to them by using the scale of physical exercise attitudes.EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 20.0 were employed to collect and analyze the effective data.Results Among all the respondents,the number of students in the intention stage(303) were the largest,while students in the maintenance phase(73) took the smallest proportion.The college students got a highest overall score in their attitude toward physical exercise (242.72±28.44),which showed that they were positive in exercise,but their scores of behavioral controls(22.14±4.75),subjective standard(17.38±3.41) and failure anxiety (13.80±4.23) were lower than the scale average.The scores of boys were significantly higher than girls in three dimensions:behavioral habit,behavioral intention and behavioral control(t=4.663,3.908,6.780,P<0.05).Girls had a higher objective attitude,behavioral cognitive and failure anxiety than boys(t =-2.181,-3.848,-2.533,P<0.05).In the dimension of behavioral cognitive,the class of 2014 was significantly lower than that of the other grades(F=3.830,P<0.05).There were of no statistical significance of the different scores between urban and rural area,of BMI attitudes toward physical exercise(P>0.05).The scores of overall scale and dimensions in behavioral attitude,objective attitude,behavioral habit,behavioral intention and emotion experience were increasing from the pre-intention stage to the maintenance stage(P<0.05).Conclusion In view of the actual conditions of students and characteristics of schools,and different psychological and behavioral characteristics of individual at various behavioral stages,the relevant departments should take appropriate intervention to ensure the formation and maintenance of their healthy behaviors,and to lay a foundation for their physical condition.
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