摘要:
了解大学生心理健康状况变化,为有针对性地开展心理健康教育提供参考.方法 使用大学生人格问卷(University personality Inventory,UPI)对陕西某大学2002-2016年新生心理健康的普查结果进行回溯性分析.结果 15年间共有57 450名新生参加了普查,可能存在严重心理问题学生(I类学生)平均筛出率为12.29%,年度间差异有统计学意义(x2 =588.017,P<0.01);2010-2016年经面谈后确定有严重心理问题学生占I类学生的比例平均为2.97%,且年度间差异有统计学意义(x2=25.709,P<0.01).在I类学生答题方面,2012-2016年有7个题目每年均进入答题选择率前10位;“常常失眠”“感到自己的过去和家庭是不幸的”2个关键题目的选择率在5年间差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为14.389,16.690,P值均<0.01);“曾经接受过心理咨询吗”“如果有健康或心理方面的问题想要咨询吗”2个附加题目的选择率5年间差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为13.175,28.480,P值均<0.05).结论 多数大学新生的心理是基本健康的,但可能有心理健康问题的学生人数比例呈波浪式逐年上升趋势.大学新生的心理问题类型多年来相对稳定,可以据此开展针对性教育.
Abstract:
Objective to examine changes in mental health among college freshmen in Shaanxi province during the past 15 years.Methods A retrospective analysis was used to examine changes in mental health among college freshmen in Shaanxi during 2002-2016.Results During the past 15 years,a total of 57 450 freshman participated in the survey,and the average screening rate was 12.29%,significant differences were found by years.From 2010 to 2016,students diagnosed with class I with severe mental health problems accounted for 2.97%;the top 7 questions were highest among class I students.In the key questions,the report rate of "often insomnia" and "feel unhappy about past and family" had statistical significant differences(x2 =14.389,16.690,P< 0.01).In the additional questions,the report rate of "ever received psychological councilling have some troubles in health or mental health need to consult" had statistical significant differences(x2 =13.175,28.480,P<0.05).Conclusion Mental health status among college freshmen in Shanxi province is moderate.Increasing trend in mental health problems worth further attention.More work needs to be implemented.
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