摘要:
了解孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)儿童家长膳食营养知识的知晓现状,为指导孤独症儿童的合理膳食提供依据.方法 选择2016年4-10月在哈尔滨医科大学儿童发育行为研究中心和某特教学校进行康复训练的3~16岁ASD儿童162名,按照性别和年龄匹配的原则,选择同地区小学和中学3~16岁正常儿童145名,采用自拟的家长膳食营养知识知晓情况调查问卷,对ASD儿童和正常儿童家长进行横断面问卷调查.结果 ASD组家长营养素基础知识、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)相关基础知识得分及膳食营养知识总分均低于对照组(P值均<0.05).ASD组家长总是给孩子补充二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和从不补充DHA的比例均高于对照组(Z=-6.640,P<0.01).网络是2组儿童家长获得膳食营养相关知识的主要途径,但ASD组家长通过科普书籍获取营养知识的比例低于对照组(x2=5.161,P<0.05).结论 在ASD儿童日常康复训练的同时,有必要积极开展针对其家长的膳食及营养知识宣教活动,提高家长营养知识的知晓水平,尤其应加强ASD儿童家长对PUFAs相关知识的了解,促进ASD儿童的综合发展.
Abstract:
Objective To compare nutritional knowledge between parents with ASD and healthy children.Methods During April to Oct.in 2016,162 cases with ASD aged 3-17 years were recruited from developmental and behavioral clinic in Harbin Medical University and special education schools.Another 145 age-gender-matched healthy children were chosen as control group.A cross-sectional nutritional knowledge questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of ASD and healthy control children.Results Compared to control group,parents of ASD children had lower score on basic nutrients knowledge,polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) related knowledge and overall nutrition knowledge(P<0.05).Higher proportion of continued DHA supplementation or never having DHA supplementation was found in ASD group than that in control group(P<0.01);The Internet was the main resource for both groups of parents getting access to dietary information.Proportion of reading related nutritional books was lower in the ASD group(P<0.05).Conclusion Besides the daily rehabilitation training,it is necessary to improve parents on nutritional and dietary knowledge,especially with regard to PUFAs,which would facilitate better comprehensive development of children with ASD.
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