摘要:
了解江苏省中小学生体育发展现状及影响因素,为制定干预对策提供参考.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,从江苏省8城市抽取30所中小学6 846名学生,对其体育发展情况进行问卷调查.结果 在学校因素中,场馆器材不能满足体育课、课外活动的报告率分别为11.96%,15.63%,体育课不足3节/周、被占用、完全能上满规定时间、缺乏兴趣的报告率分别为55.15%,51.57%,53.87%,42.25%,学校规定大课间活动的报告率为80.53%,不喜欢教师或教学方式的报告率为25.82%;个人因素中,每周参加课外活动≥3次、每天参加课外活动≥1h、掌握3项及以上运动技能、参加课余体育项目培训班的报告率分别为18.00%,12.66%,60.70%,15.50%;家庭因素中,家长支持并陪同学生参加体育活动的报告率为32.98%;社会因素中,体育成绩、《体质测试》成绩、体育活动影响在校评优和升学就业的报告率分别为35.92%,32.46%,24.04%.不同性别、不同地区中小学生体育发展差异有统计学意义,总体上男生体育发展好于女生,苏南中小学生好于苏北.结论 体育课程质量低、中小学生课外体育活动时间与频数少、家长不陪同和社会政策缺乏明确的考核评价机制是制约中小学生体育发展的主要因素.中小学生体育的持续发展需各因素兼容并济,和谐发展.
Abstract:
Objective To understand the sports development of primary and middle school students in Jiangsu and its influencing factors,and to provide reference for formulating intervention measures.Methods A total of 6 846 students selected by stratified cluster sampling from 30 primary and middle schools in 8 cities of Jiangsu Province were investigated on their sports development.Results In the school factors,the reporting rates of venues and equipment failing to meet the class and extracurricular activities were 11.96%,15.63%,respectively.The reporting rates of having physical education less than 3 days/week,being occupied,having the full time of physical education,lack of Interest were 55.15%,51.57%,53.87%,42.25%,respectively.The reporting rate of the school big break activities was 80.53%,and that of not loving teachers or teaching methods was 25.82%;in the individual factors,the reporting rates of participating in the extracurricular activity more than 3 times/week,participating in extracurricular activities 1 hours/day,mastering more than 3 sports skills,participatinge in the extracurricular training class were 18.00%,12.66%,60.70%,15.50%,respectively;In family factors,the reporting rate of parents' support and company was 32.98%;In social factors,the reporting rates of the influences made by sports scores,test scores,sports activities on the students' school evaluation and careers were 35.92%,32.46%,24.04%,respectively.Further studies had shown that there were significanct differences in the development of youth sports in different genders and regions.Generally speaking,the development of sports for boys was better than that for girls,and the development of sports for students in South of Jiangsu was better than that in northern Jiangsu.Conclusion The low quality of physical education curriculum,few time and low frequency of teenagers extracurricular sports activities,refusing to accompany of parents and lack of definite evaluation mechanism of social policy are the main factors restricting the development of juvenile sports.The continuous development of primary and middle school students' sports asks for the compatibility of all factors,and the harmonious development.
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