摘要:
了解广州市城区中小学生体育锻炼时间不足现状及其影响因素,为促进儿童青少年体质健康提供参考.方法 依托广州市中小学生常规体检工作,纳入其中10 972名城区小学二年级、初一、高一学生作为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集体育锻炼时间等资料.采用Kruskal-WallisH秩和检验,x2检验比较不同性别、年级学生每天体育锻炼时间差异;采用二分类Logistic回归模型分析不同年级学生每天体育锻炼时间<1h的影响因素.结果 中小学生平均每天体育锻炼时间为21.4(8.6 ~ 40.0) min,85.63%的中小学生每天体育锻炼时间<1h,女生每天体育锻炼时间<1h的比例(90.51%)高于男生(80.61%)(x2=218.04,P<0.05),且年级间差异有统计学意义(x2=273.68,P<0.05).Logistic回归分析显示,不愿意参加体育锻炼(小学二年级OR=6.81,95%CI=4.38~ 10.58;初一OR=4.60,95%CI=3.79~5.59;高一OR=9.25,95%CI=5.90~14.49)和女生(初一OR=1.57,95%CI=1.35~ 1.82;高一OR=2.85,95%CI=2.07~ 3.92)是中小学生体育锻炼时间不足的主要危险因素.结论 广州市城区中小学生体育锻炼时间不足问题严峻.应以女生为重点人群,实施以增强学生体育锻炼兴趣与意愿为主的干预措施.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of insufficient physical exercise time and related factors among urban primary and middle school students in Guangzhou,and to provide a reference for the improvement of physical health among children and adolescents.Methods Questionnaire survey were conducted for 10 972 students in three grades (grade 2 of primary school,grade 1 of junior and senior high school) along with the physical examination for urban primary and middle school students in Guangzhou.Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-square test were used to compare the difference in daily physical exercise time of different genders and grades.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze influencing factors of physical exercise time <1 h per day.Results The average physical exercise time in participants was 21.4 (8.6~40.0) min per day.The prevalence of physical exercise time< 1 h per day was 85.63%,with girls' higher than boys' (90.51% VS 80.61%;x2 =218.04,P<0.05).Disparity of physical exercise time was also observed across different grades (x2=273.68,P< 0.05).Logistic regression model found that refusing to participate in physical exercise (Grade 2 of primary school OR =6.81,95% CI:4.38-10.58,Grade 1 of junior high school OR=4.60,95%CI:3.79-5.59,Grade 1 of senior high school OR=9.25,95%CI:5.90~ 14.49) and being girls (Grade 1 of junior high school OR=1.57,95%CI:1.35-1.82,Grade 1 of senior high school OR =2.85,95%CI:2.07-3.92) could be the main risk factors of insufficient physical exercise time among students in Guangzhou.Conclusion Insufficient physical exercise time is a serious problem among primary and middle school students in urban areas of Guangzhou.With girls as key group,intervention measures should be conducted to improve the interest of children and adolescents in physical exercises.
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