摘要:
了解北方某城市中小学生欺凌行为的流行情况及其发生发展规律,为开展干预措施提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选取该城市小学四年级至高中三年级学生4 008名,进行欺凌行为匿名问卷调查.采用x2检验比较不同性别、年级、学校类型、家庭类型等学生欺凌行为报告率差异.结果 该市中小学生欺凌行为的报告率为12.9%,其中男生为17.6%,女生为9.1%,差异有统计学意义(x2=63.038,P<0.01).欺凌他人的报告率为6.5%,被他人欺凌的报告率为10.4%.欺凌行为的报告率随着年级的增高而增高,在初中阶段达到峰值,随后出现下降(x2=14.023,P<0.01).职业中学学生通过手机、网络散布谣言的报告率高于普通学校和重点学校学生(x2值分别为12.003,7.519,P值均<0.01).单亲/重组家庭学生发生欺凌他人和被他人欺凌的报告率均较高(x2值分别为9.785,14.136,P<0.01).住宿生中被殴打、关黑屋,被破坏物品,威胁、强迫和遭受网络欺凌的比例均高于非住宿生(x2值分别为11.802,5.356,11.793,4.881,P值均<0.01).1.0%的学生同时有4种及以上欺凌他人的行为,1.5%的学生同时遭受4种及以上的欺凌.结论 应动员个人、家庭、学校和社会等各方面的力量,采取综合干预措施,建设安全校园,预防欺凌行为的发生,并针对高危人群开展心理咨询.
Abstract:
Objective To find out the prevalence and development of bullying behaviors among elementary and secondary school students in a city in North China and to provide evidence for the comprehensive intervention.Methods A randomly selected cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4 008 students(male,1 804;female,2 204) from grade 4 to 12 in the city.And a selfreport anonymous questionnaire was conducted by students themselves.Chi square test was used to analyze the prevalence of bullying behaviors among students of different genders,grades,school types and family types.Results 12.9% of students were reported to be involved in bullying,which was 17.6% for male students and 9.1% for female students (x2=63.038,P<0.01).About 6.5% were reported to bully others,10.4% reported of being bullied.The reporting rate of bullying showed an upward trend with the increase of age,which reached the peak in junior middle students and then decreased(x2 =14.023,P<0.01).Verbal bullying was the most common bullying behavior.Vocational high school students were reported to witness more cyberbullying than those in regular schools and key schools(x2 =12.003,7.519,P<0.01).Single parent / recombinant families were reported of higher rates of bullying and being bullied(x2 =9.785,14.136,P<0.01).Residential students were more likely to be beaten,locked in a dark room,threatened,forced and cyberbullied than non-residential students(x2 =11.802,5.356,11.793,4.881,P<0.01).About 1.0% of the students had 4 or more kinds of bullying behaviors,and 1.5% of them suffered from 4 or more kinds of bullying.Conclusion In order to build a safe campus and to prevent bullying behavior,we should mobilize all aspects of personal,family,school and society strength to take comprehensive intervention measures and carry out psychological counseling for high-risk groups to reduce its impact.
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