Abstract: Objective To explore the relation between family environment and children's adaptation to kindergarten.Methods A total of 14 933 children who newly entered kindergarten in 2015 in Shenzhen Longhua District were included in this crosssectional study.Family spiritual environment and children's kindergarten adaptation were measured by the Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV) and Adaptation to Kindergarten Teacher Rating Scale,respectively.Linear regression was applied to analyze the association between family environment and adaptation to kindergarten in children.Results After controlling confounders,children's adaptation to kindergarten was positively associated with the cohesion of family(B =0.32,P =0.009),as well as the intellectual-cultural orientation in family(B =0.21,P=0.021).Meanwhile,adaptation to kindergarten in children was negatively with the conflict of family(B=-0.27,P=0.007).Further analysis showed that children's emotional stability in kindergarten was positively associated with family's cohesion(B =0.07,P =0.047).Interpersonal relationship was positively associated with family's cohesion (B=0.08,P=0.003) and active-recreational orientation(B =0.04,P=0.032),negatively associated with family's conflict(B =-0.07,P =0.002).Learning activity was positively associated with family's cohesion(B =0.09,P =0.003),and negatively associated with family's conflict(B=-0.06,P=0.013).Conclusion Children's adaptation to kindergarten is closely associated with family environment.Thus,to ensure the healthy development of children,favorable family spiritual atmosphere should be provided by parents and caregivers.