Abstract: Objective To explore the influence of parenting style,children's temperament type on unintentional injury and the relationship between them.Methods The survey lasted six months(April to October 2015) and using muhi-stage sampling method.One primary school was selected respectively in 6 urban areas and 4 rural areas in Taiyuan city.In each primary school,2 -3 classes were randomly selected respectively from grade 4 and 5.All students in the selected classes as investigation object,a total of 2 644 students were studied in 10 schools.Results The unintentional injury detection rate was 22.8%.The generalized linear mixed effect model analysis showed that the occurrence of children's unintentional injury was different in the different parenting style (F=5.269,P<0.01);the occurrence of children's unintentional injury was different in the different children's temperament types (F=4.995,P<0.01);there was an interactive effect on the frequency of unintentional injury between parenting style and temperament type(F=170.525,P<0.01).When parenting style was authoritarian,compared with the type of easy to raise type,the type that is difficult to raise(B =-116.611,P=0.016) and the middle one to easy raise(B =-119.204,P =0.003) were the protective factors of intentional injury;When parenting style was inconsistent type,compared with the type of easy to raise type,the middle one to easy raise (B=-246.178,P=0.001) was the protective factor of intentional injury;slow start type temperament types(B=212.175,P<0.01) is the risk factor for unintentional injury.Conclusion Parenting styles and children's temperament types has interaction effects besides directly affecting the unintentional injury to children,the combination of different parenting styles and child temperament types has different effects on unintentional injury.