Abstract: Objective To understand the loneliness and its influencing factors of children in low-income families,and to provide evidence for targetedly helping children in special needs.Methods About 2 972 children from low-income families in Beijing city were observed with a questionnaire in September-November of 2016.Results It was found that the loneliness rate of children in low-income families was 7.6%;boys' loneliness was significantly greater than girls'(30.23± 11.13,28.70± 10.85) (t =14.402,P=0.000);there was no statistical significance in age difference of the lonliness F=0.005,P=0.995);the loneliness of disabled and sick children was significantly greater than that of healthy children(34.47 ± 13.64,31.91 ± 12.05,29.19 ± 10.82) (F =13.490,P=0.000);and the loneliness of students whose parents were both absent from custody were significantly greater than that of those with one parent or both normal custody(30.73± 12.03,29.52± 10.84,28.99± 10.81) (F=3.928,P =0.020).Conclusion We should pay attention to the loneliness of children in low-income families.Except for the screened children with high levels of loneliness,the children with physical or(and) family care difficulties should also be paid more attention.And appropriate prevention and intervention measures should be taken physically and psychologically.