Abstract: Objective To explore the causal relationship between resilience and freshmen adaptation,and to provide a reference for instructing the freshmen to adjust to college life.Methods A two-wave (T1,T2) longitudinal study with an interval of three months was conducted among 783 participants who were recruited from two universities in Sichuan Province.Results Resilience of two measurements was statistically correlated with freshmen adaptation(r =0.742,0.557,P<0.01).Resilience showed a high stability between the first survey and follow-up measurement.The cross-lagged regression analysis showed that there was a casual relationship between resilience and freshmen adapatation.The subjects of the survey were classified into high-score group and low-score group of resilience in accordance with the level of resilience of the first measurement.The cross-lagged regression analysis indicated that only the first measurement of resilience could predict and measure freshmen adaptation in both two groups(β=0.362,0.511,P<0.01).Conclusion More attention should be paid on those individuals with lower level of resilience,and to facilitate freshmen's adaptation and positive development from the perspective of promoting resilience.