Abstract: Objective To explore the mediating role of social support in the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and self-injury caused by neglect in local normal students in Liaoning Province,and to provide a theoretical basis for education administrative department to make intervention measures.Methods Childhood Maltreatment and Neglect Scale,Social Support Scale and Adolescent Students' Self-injury Scale were conducted among 1 502 students from four local normal colleges in Liaoning Province.Mediating effect was tested by using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0.Results The total scores of childhood maltreatment,the scores of rebuke and intimidation,the total scores of childhood neglect,as well as its all dimensions in the male normal students were significantly higher than those in the female(P<0.05);The score of self-injury,the total scores of childhood neglect and its all dimensions in urban area were significantly lower than those in the rural area(P<0.05).The total scores of childhood neglect,as well as its all dimensions in the non-single child were significantly lower than those in single child(P<0.05).Childhood psychological maltreatment and neglect was negatively correlated with social support(P<0.01).Childhood maltreatment and neglect was positively correlated with self-injury(P<0.01).The mediating effect of social support in associations between childhood psychological maltreatment,as well as childhood psychological neglect and self-injury was statistical significant,and the mediating effects were 28.62%,33.42%,respectively.Conclusion Social support has an intermediary role between childhood psychological maltreatment,neglect and self-injury among local normal students.