摘要:
了解哈尔滨城乡地区中小学生生活习惯对其营养状况的影响,为指导中小学生养成健康的生活方式提供基础数据.方法 于2014年9月随机抽取哈尔滨市城乡的小学(四、五年级)、初中、高中各1所学校,采用2014年全国学生体质与健康调研学生问卷对5 016名学生进行问卷调查以及身高、体重现场测量.结果 城市学生中睡眠时间<8h/d的占62.0%,乡村地区睡眠<8 h/d的占55.1%;城、乡地区不吃早餐的学生占1.2%和3.1%;城乡地区分别有27.5%和28.4%的学生认为课业负担过重应付不来;城乡地区学生每天体育锻炼时间不足30 min的比例分别为27.7%,24.9%.城乡学生的睡眠时间、吃早餐情况、喝牛奶、吃鸡蛋、课业负担感受、每天做作业时间、看电视玩游戏时间、每天体育锻炼时间、上体育课的感受差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为30.80,46.50,110.86,18.41,56.48,186.83,117.40,147.87,119.58,P值均<0.01).学生的体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)整体上随着年龄的增长而增大,9,13,14,17岁城乡男女生之间BMI差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).哈尔滨地区学生仍存在营养不良和超重肥胖的现象,尤以超重、肥胖情况严重,并且男生检出率高于女生,但营养不良状况男女生之间的比较与之相反.多元线性回归分析结果显示,愿意参加长跑锻炼、每天平均睡眠时间、上体育课时的感觉、平均每天作家庭作业的时间、每周吃鸡蛋情况、平均每天看电视、玩游戏的时间、父母在业余时间里是否喜欢参加体育活动、每周吃早餐情况是中小学生营养状况的重要影响因素.结论 哈尔滨城、乡中小学生中依然存在着不良生活习惯现象,对学生的生长发育会产生不良的影响.
关键词:
-
习惯 /
-
营养状况 /
-
人体质量指数 /
-
学生
Abstract:
Objective To understand current status of the influence of lifestyle on nutritional status among elementary and high school students of Harbin.Methods Students from grade 4 and 5 in one elementary school,one junior and one senior high school in urban and rural Harbin were selected,respectively.A total of 5016 students were investigated in September 2014 with the same questionnaire from National Students Physical Fitness and Health Survey 2014.Height and weight was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.Results The proportion of students who were lack sufficient sleep (≥ 8 h) in urban area was 62.0%,while 55.1% in rural area;1.2% and 3.1% not having breakfast,and 27.5% and 28.4% felt the homework burdensome,as well as 27.7% and 24.9% of students had exercise less than 30 min/d,in urban and rural areas,respectively.There were differences between urban and rural on sleeping,having breakfast,drinking milk,catting eggs,school work burden,everyday's homework time,watching TV and playing game,everyday's exercise time,feeling about physical class(x2 =30.80,46.50,110.86,18.41,56.48,186.83,117.40,147.87,119.58,P<0.01).BMI increased with age.There were significant regional differences in BMI at 9,13,14 and 17 years old(P<0.05).Harbin students had comorbid situation with malnutrition and overweight/obesity.Obesity among boys were higher than that of girls,however,malnutrition was more common among girls.Multiple regression analysis showed that health behaviors including participation in long-distance running,sleep duration,physical education,general mood,time spent in homework after school,consumption of eggs per week,screen time,parental exercise attitude and behavior,breakfast had a strong impact on BMI.Condusion Unhealthy behavior is common among students in urban and rural Harbin,which might have adverse effects on growth and development.
点击查看大图
下载:
